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Research progress on Mincle as a multifunctional receptor
This article will review the various functions of Mincle, such as mediating sterile inflammation of tissues to accelerate disease progression, initiating immune responses to fight infection and promoting tumor progression.PMID:36436471 | DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109467
Source: International Immunopharmacology - November 27, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Xinliang Huang Qinwei Yu Luyong Zhang Zhenzhou Jiang Source Type: research

An update on emerging immunological targets and their inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasis
Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Oct 28;113(Pt A):109341. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109341. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPsoriasis is a non-communicable, heterogeneous, autoimmune, inflammatory skin disease characterised by reddish, scaly plaques that grow over time. Psoriasis affects people in all countries with all age groups. The World Psoriasis Day organisation claims that out of 125 million people on this planet - Psoriasis affects about 2.5% to 3% of the population. The symptoms of psoriasis are unpredictable, and there are several external factors and associated comorbidities including psoriatic arthritis, renal failure,...
Source: International Immunopharmacology - November 3, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Siddhi Parab Gaurav Doshi Source Type: research

TREGking From Gut to Brain: The Control of Regulatory T Cells Along the Gut-Brain Axis
The human gastrointestinal tract has an enormous and diverse microbial community, termed microbiota, that is necessary for the development of the immune system and tissue homeostasis. In contrast, microbial dysbiosis is associated with various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases as well as neurological disorders in humans by affecting not only the immune system in the gastrointestinal tract but also other distal organs. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of CD4+ helper T cell lineages that function as a gatekeeper for immune activation and are essential for peripheral autoimmunity prevention. Tregs are crucial...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - June 30, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Living on the border of the CNS: Dural immune cells in health and disease
This article will introduce in detail the composition and source of dural immune cells; as well as the changes in the dural immune landscape under various central nervous system (CNS) diseases (such as aging and neurodegeneration, autoimmune diseases, tumor, infection, stroke and migraine). Our final goal is to shed light on the immune function of the dura mater, and ultimately provide more possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases from the perspective of regulating dura mater immunity.PMID:35605511 | DOI:10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104545
Source: Cellular Immunology - May 23, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhuangzhuang Chen Peilin Liu Xiaoshuang Xia Lin Wang Xin Li Source Type: research

Deficiency of Human Adenosine Deaminase Type 2 – A Diagnostic Conundrum for the Hematologist
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase type 2 (DADA2) was first described in 2014 as a monogenic cause of polyartertitis nodosa (PAN), early onset lacunar stroke and livedo reticularis. The clinical phenotype of DADA2 is, however, very broad and may involve several organ systems. Apart from vasculitis, children may present with i) Hematological manifestations (ii) Lymphoproliferation and iii) Immunodeficiencies. Patients with DADA2 can have variable patterns of cytopenias and bone marrow failure syndromes. Patients with DADA2 who have predominant haematological manifestations are associated with ADA2 gene variants that result i...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 3, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Oral tolerance: an updated review
Immunol Lett. 2022 Apr 5:S0165-2478(22)00041-4. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.03.007. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOral tolerance (OT) has classically been defined as the specific suppression of cellular and/or humoral immune responses to an antigen by prior administration of the antigen through the oral route. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the induction of OT including T cell clonal depletion and anergy when high doses of antigens are fed, and regulatory T (Treg) cell generation following oral administration of low and repeated doses of antigens. Oral antigen administration suppresses the immune response ...
Source: Immunology Letters - April 8, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Rafael M Rezende Howard L Weiner Source Type: research

Case Report: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Gain-of-Function and Spectrin Deficiency: A Life-Threatening Case of Severe Hemolytic Anemia
STAT3 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations can be responsible for an incomplete phenotype mainly characterized by hematological autoimmunity, even in the absence of other organ autoimmunity, growth impairment, or severe infections. We hereby report a case with an incomplete form of STAT3 GOF intensified by a concomitant hereditary hematological disease, which misleads the diagnosis. The patient presented with lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hypogammaglobulinemia, and severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) with critical complications, including stroke. A Primary Immune Regulatory Disorders (PIRD) was suspected, and molecular ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - January 15, 2021 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Interleukin-17 and ischemic stroke.
Abstract Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine family that includes 6 members, IL-17A through IL-17F, most of them are reported to have pro-inflammatory role. Through binding to their receptors (IL-17Rs), IL-17 activates the intracellular signaling pathways to play an important role in autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Ischemic stroke is a complex pathophysiological process mainly caused by regional cerebral ischemia. Inflammatory factors contribute to the physiological process of stroke that leads to poor prognosis. IL-17 plays a crucial role in promoting inflamm...
Source: Immunology - September 15, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Zhang Q, Liao Y, Liu Z, Dai Y, Li Y, Li Y, Tang Y Tags: Immunology Source Type: research

A Case of Multiple Sclerosis —Like Relapsing Remitting Encephalomyelitis Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and a Review of the Published Literature
Complications involving the central nervous system (CNS) occur in 9–14% of patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), including stroke-like episodes, demyelination, encephalitis, and nonspecific neurological symptoms. Here we report a case of multiple sclerosis (MS) like relapsing remitting encephalomyelitis following allogeneic HSCT, which did not respond to disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and “domino” autologous HSCT. A 53-year-old male was treated with allogeneic HSCT for lymphoid blast transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. Ten months later he presented with confusion, s...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 4, 2020 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

A challenging diagnosis of reversible “vascular” dementia: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation
We describe the clinical course, radiological features and therapeutic approach of two patients with probable CAA-ri with the aim of emphasizing the importance of an early diagnosis of this potentially reversible disease in different neurological settings, such as memory clinics and stroke units.
Source: Journal of Neuroimmunology - November 6, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: L. Poli, V. De Giuli, F. Piazza, I. Volonghi, G. Bigliardi, S. Vallone, P.F. Nichelli, R. Gasparotti, A. Zini, A. Padovani, A. Pezzini Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Notch Signaling Regulates Immune Responses in Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that can cause coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, depending on which arteries are affected. At the beginning of atherosclerosis plasma lipoproteins accumulate in the sub-endothelial space. In response, monocytes migrate from the circulation through the endothelium into the intima where they differentiate into macrophages. These early events trigger a complex immune response that eventually involves many cellular subtypes of both innate and adaptive immunity. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved cell signaling system th...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - May 22, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Primary Sj ögren's Syndrome: Does Inflammation Matter?
Conclusions The markers of endothelial activation and damage and of chronic inflammation investigated until now failed to result predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis or to be associated with increased risk of CV events in SS patients. This may suggest that other mechanisms are implicated with increased prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in SS or that these biomarkers exert a different mechanism in the pathogenesis of endothelial damage and in the induction of atherosclerosis. Surely, the relationship between the disease itself and inflammatory and immune dysfunction factors is quite complex and still to be cla...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 16, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

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