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Total 234 results found since Jan 2013.

Sex differences in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders: Focus on microglial function and neuroinflammation during development
Publication date: Available online 2 October 2015 Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Author(s): Richa Hanamsagara, Staci D. Bilbob Several neurological conditions are associated with sex differences in prevalence or outcome. For example, autism predominantly affects boys, depression is more common in women, Parkinson's disease more common in men, and Multiple sclerosis in women. In the case of stroke, women have a less favorable outcome and suffer from a more precipitous drop in health status compared to men. As a result, treatment of such diseases is difficult and yields variable results....
Source: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - October 3, 2015 Category: Biochemistry Source Type: research

CNS remyelination as a novel reparative approach to neurodegenerative diseases: the roles of purinergic signalling and the P2Y-like receptor GPR17.
Abstract Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-forming cells in the CNS. They enwrap axons, thus permitting fast impulse transmission and exerting trophic actions on neurons. Demyelination accompanied by neurological deficit is a rather frequent condition that is not only associated with multiple sclerosis but has been also recognized in several other neurodegenerative diseases, including brain trauma and stroke, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recently, alterations of myelin function have been also reported in neuropsychiatric diseases, like depression and autism. Highly relevant for therapeutic ...
Source: Neuropharmacology - October 7, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fumagalli M, Lecca D, Abbracchio MP Tags: Neuropharmacology Source Type: research

Study in mice shows how brain ignores distractions
(NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) In a study of mice, scientists discovered that a brain region called the thalamus may be critical for filtering out distractions. The study, published in Nature and partially funded by the National Institutes of Health, paves the way to understanding how defects in the thalamus might underlie symptoms seen in patients with autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - October 21, 2015 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors - emerging roles in neuronal memory, learning, synaptic plasticity and neural regeneration.
Abstract Epigenetic regulation of neuronal signalling through histone acetylation dictates transcription programs that govern neuronal memory, plasticity and learning paradigms. Histone Acetyl Transferases (HATs) and Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are antagonistic enzymes that regulate gene expression through acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins around which DNA is wrapped inside a eukaryotic cell nucleus. The epigenetic control of HDACs and the cellular imbalance between HATs and HDACs dictate disease states and have been implicated in muscular dystrophy, loss of memory, neurodegeneration and autistic ...
Source: Current Neuropharmacology - October 21, 2015 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ganai SA, Ramadoss M, Mahadevan V Tags: Curr Neuropharmacol Source Type: research

MMP‐9 in Translation: From Molecule to Brain Physiology, Pathology and Therapy
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: Journal of Neurochemistry - November 3, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Behnam Vafadari, Ahmad Salamian, Leszek Kaczmarek Tags: Review Source Type: research

Cerebral Response to Peripheral Challenge with a Viral Mimetic.
Abstract It has been well established that peripheral inflammation resulting from microbial infections profoundly alters brain function. This review focuses on experimental systems that model cerebral effects of peripheral viral challenge. The most common models employ the induction of the acute phase response via intraperitoneal injection of a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC). The ensuing transient surge of blood-borne inflammatory mediators induces a "mirror" inflammatory response in the brain characterized by the upregulated expression of a plethora of genes encoding cytokines, chemokines an...
Source: Neurochemical Research - November 2, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Konat G Tags: Neurochem Res Source Type: research

Electroencephalographic neurofeedback: Level of evidence in mental and brain disorders and suggestions for good clinical practice
Publication date: Available online 6 November 2015 Source:Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology Author(s): J.-A. Micoulaud-Franchi, A. McGonigal, R. Lopez, C. Daudet, I. Kotwas, F. Bartolomei The technique of electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG NF) emerged in the 1970s and is a technique that measures a subject's EEG signal, processes it in real time, extracts a parameter of interest and presents this information in visual or auditory form. The goal is to effectuate a behavioural modification by modulating brain activity. The EEG NF opens new therapeutic possibilities in the fields of psychiat...
Source: Neurophysiologie Clinique - November 10, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Research Roundup
DHA study finds no effect on PTSD symptoms after injury Extended‐release guanfacine effective for youths with autism Retrospective study of varenicline finds no evidence of adverse risk Adjunctive quetiapine may improve outcomes in PMDD treatment Tricyclic antidepressants associated with recurrence of stroke Cognition not altered in postmenopausal women on hormones
Source: The Brown University Psychopharmacology Update - November 20, 2015 Category: Psychiatry Tags: Research Roundup Source Type: research

Statistical methods for studying disease subtype heterogeneity
A fundamental goal of epidemiologic research is to investigate the relationship between exposures and disease risk. Cases of the disease are often considered a single outcome and assumed to share a common etiology. However, evidence indicates that many human diseases arise and evolve through a range of heterogeneous molecular pathologic processes, influenced by diverse exposures. Pathogenic heterogeneity has been considered in various neoplasms such as colorectal, lung, prostate, and breast cancers, leukemia and lymphoma, and non‐neoplastic diseases, including obesity, type II diabetes, glaucoma, stroke, cardiovascular d...
Source: Statistics in Medicine - December 1, 2015 Category: Statistics Authors: Molin Wang, Donna Spiegelman, Aya Kuchiba, Paul Lochhead, Sehee Kim, Andrew T. Chan, Elizabeth M. Poole, Rulla Tamimi, Shelley S. Tworoger, Edward Giovannucci, Bernard Rosner, Shuji Ogino Tags: Tutorial in Biostatistics Source Type: research

Four new recommendations for adolescent health
The yearly “check-up” is the perfect (perhaps only) time to not only see how kids are growing and give any needed shots, but to see how they are doing more generally — and help be sure that they grow into healthy, happy adults. After all, prevention is really what pediatrics is all about. That’s why the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has a checklist for pediatricians called “Recommendations for Preventive Pediatric Health Care.” These recommendations, which are updated every few years, are based on the most up-to-date research about the health of children now — and in the future. While the latest versio...
Source: New Harvard Health Information - January 4, 2016 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Claire McCarthy, MD Tags: Children's Health Parenting Prevention Source Type: news

$60 million to fund study of genetics underlying common diseases
(Washington University School of Medicine) The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis will receive $60 million from the National Institutes of Health to study the genetics of common diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke, autism and epilepsy.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - January 14, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

NIH genome sequencing program targets the genomic bases of common, rare disease
(NIH/National Human Genome Research Institute) The National Human Genome Research Institute and other institutes will fund genome sequencing centers to focus on understanding the genomic bases of common and rare human diseases. The Centers for Common Disease Genomics will use genome sequencing to explore the genomics of common diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke and autism. NHGRI is also funding the next phase of the Centers for Mendelian Genomics, which will investigate the genomic underpinnings of rare, inherited diseases.
Source: EurekAlert! - Medicine and Health - January 14, 2016 Category: Global & Universal Source Type: news

Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders
Publication date: Available online 28 January 2016 Source:Pharmacology & Therapeutics Author(s): Linda Nguyen, Kelan L. Thomas, Brandon P. Lucke-Wold, John Z. Cavendish, Molly S. Crowe, Rae R. Matsumoto Dextromethorphan (DM) is a commonly used antitussive and is currently the only FDA-approved pharmaceutical treatment for pseudobulbar affect. Its safety profile and diverse pharmacologic actions in the central nervous system have stimulated new interest for repurposing it. Numerous preclinical investigations and many open-label or blinded clinical studies have demonstrated its beneficial effects across a var...
Source: Pharmacology and Therapeutics - January 28, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

NIH genome sequencing program targets the genomic bases of common, rare disease
The National Institutes of Health will fund a set of genome sequencing and analysis centers whose research will focus on understanding the genomic bases of common and rare human diseases. The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of NIH, today launched the Centers for Common Disease Genomics (CCDG), which will use genome sequencing to explore the genomic contributions to common diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, stroke and autism. NHGRI also announced the next phase of a complementary program, the Centers for Mendelian Genomics (CMG), which will continue investigating the genomic underpinnings of ra...
Source: NHGRI Press Releases - January 14, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: news