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Cancer: Brain Cancers

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Total 38 results found since Jan 2013.

Tumor necrosis factor-mediated downregulation of spinal astrocytic connexin43 leads to increased glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuropathic pain in mice
Publication date: Available online 24 June 2015 Source:Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Author(s): Norimitsu Morioka , Fang Fang Zhang , Yoki Nakamura , Tomoya Kitamura , Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima , Yoshihiro Nakata Spinal cord astrocytes are critical in the maintenance of neuropathic pain. Connexin 43 (Cx43) expressed on spinal dorsal horn astrocytes modulates synaptic neurotransmission, but its role in nociceptive transduction has yet to be fully elaborated. In mice, Cx43 is mainly expressed in astrocytes, not neurons or microglia, in the spinal dorsal horn. Hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity was observed beginning 3days ...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - July 3, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Tumor necrosis factor-mediated downregulation of spinal astrocytic connexin43 leads to increased glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuropathic pain in mice.
Abstract Spinal cord astrocytes are critical in the maintenance of neuropathic pain. Connexin 43 (Cx43) expressed on spinal dorsal horn astrocytes modulates synaptic neurotransmission, but its role in nociceptive transduction has yet to be fully elaborated. In mice, Cx43 is mainly expressed in astrocytes, not neurons or microglia, in the spinal dorsal horn. Hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity was observed beginning 3 days after partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL), but a persistent downregulation of astrocytic Cx43 in ipsilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn was not observed until 7 days post-PSNL, suggesting that ...
Source: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - June 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Morioka N, Zhang FF, Nakamura Y, Kitamura T, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y Tags: Brain Behav Immun Source Type: research

Prophylactic lithium alleviates splenectomy-induced cognitive dysfunction possibly by inhibiting hippocampal TLR4 activation in aged rats.
Abstract Though the pathogenesis of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remains unclear, evidence is accumulating for a pivotal role of neuroinflammation in the disease process. Advanced age and severe surgical trauma are two main risk factors for POCD. Lithium, a neuroprotective agent, can alleviate peripheral surgery-induced memory impairment in aged rats. The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments also showed that toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) was associated with the occurrence and development of neuroinflammation and POCD. So we hypothesized that inhibition of TLR4 signaling in the hippocampus maybe ...
Source: Brain Research Bulletin - March 31, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Lu SM, Gui B, Dong HQ, Zhang X, Zhang SS, Hu LQ, Liu HL, Sun J, Qian YN Tags: Brain Res Bull Source Type: research

Knockdown of IL-1β Improves Hypoxia–ischemia Brain Associated with IL-6 Up-regulation in Cell and Animal Models
Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the effect of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on hypoxia ischemia (HI) of cultured astrocyte and neonatal rat models and to explore the underlying molecular regulation mechanism. Primary rat astrocyte was exposed to hypoxia (2 % O2, 98 % N2) and cultured in serum-free medium for 6, 12, and 18 h to establish cell model of HI. Morphologic changes of astrocyte were monitored and gene expression change of IL-1β evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To establish the HI animal model, 3 days old postnatal Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were treated with the righ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 14, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

PAX8 expression is associated with SHH/WNT subtypes, desmoplastic histology and patient survival in human medulloblastomas
ConclusionIn summary, high PAX8 expression is linked to better prognosis in medulloblastomas potentially by suppressing both proliferative and migratory properties of MB cells. The distinct spatio‐temporal expression pattern of PAX8 during brain development might contribute to the understanding of distinct MB subtype histogenesis.
Source: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology - October 1, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Patrick N. Harter, Peter Baumgarten, Jenny Zinke, Karl Schilling, Stefan Baader, Ann‐Kathrin Hartmetz, Jens Schittenhelm, Rudi Beschorner, Stefan Liebner, Dorothea Schulte, Karl‐Heinz Plate, Paul Gutwein, Andrey Korshunov, Stefan M. Pfister, David T. Tags: Original Article Source Type: research

Rcor2 underexpression in senescent mice: a target for inflammaging?
Conclusions: Data presented here show interplay between Rcor2 downregulation and increased inflammation and suggest that Rcor2 may be a key regulator of inflammaging.
Source: Journal of Neuroinflammation - July 23, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: María Alvarez-LópezPatricia Molina-MartínezMarco Castro-FreireMarta Cosín-TomásRosa CristòfolMarcelina PárrizasRosa EscorihuelaMerce PallàsCoral SanfeliuPerla Kaliman Source Type: research

Role of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in modulating nociception in rat model of bone cancer pain.
Abstract Bone cancer pain is a major clinical problem and remains difficult to treat. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels may be involved in regulating nociceptive transmission at the spinal cord level. We determined the role of spinal KATP channels in the control of mechanical hypersensitivity in a rat model of bone cancer pain. The rat model of bone cancer pain was induced by implanting rat mammary gland carcinoma cells (Walker256) into the tibias. KATP modulators (pinacidil and glibenclamide) or the specific Kir6.2-siRNA were injected via an intrathecal catheter. The mechanical withdrawal threshold of rats ...
Source: Brain Research - January 27, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Xia H, Zhang D, Yang S, Wang Y, Xu L, Wu J, Ren J, Yao W, Fan L, Zhang C, Tian Y, Pan HL, Wang X Tags: Brain Res Source Type: research

Toll-like receptor 4 mediates microglial activation and production of inflammatory mediators in neonatal rat brain following hypoxia: role of TLR4 in hypoxic microglia
Conclusion: Activated microglia TLR4 expression mediated neuroinflammation via a NF-kappaB signaling pathway in response to hypoxia. Hence, microglia TLR4 presents as a potential therapeutic target for neonatal hypoxia brain injuries.
Source: Journal of Neuroinflammation - February 6, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Linli YaoEnci Mary KanJia LuAijun HaoS Thameem DheenCharanjit KaurEng-Ang Ling Source Type: research