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What Causes Sudden Vision Loss?
Discussion Vision loss, whether chronic or acute, is distressing at any time for patients and families. Prompt evaluation and treatment are important as maintenance of any acuity and light or movement is considered paramount. Most vision loss is due to chronic problems and aging issues but the differential diagnosis is broad. For any age, but especially children, uncorrected refractive errors can cause problems in not only in childhood but throughout someone’s lifetime. Visual impairment for distance vision is considered mild if worse than 6/12 in meters = 20/40 in feet or 0.3 LogMAR and for moderate impairment is 6/...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - September 5, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Innovative accumulative risk assessment strategy of co-exposure of As and Pb in medical earthworms based on in vivo-in vitro correlation
Environ Int. 2023 Apr 18;175:107933. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107933. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTRecent studies on risks assessment of heavy metal(loid) are usually based on their total concentrations. Nevertheless, such an analysis does not assess their real amounts absorbed by human body. To scientifically assess the health risks, in this study medical earthworms were analyzed for relative bioavailability (RBA) of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) using a multiple gavage mouse model with liver, kidneys, brain, and leg bones as biomarkers for the first time. Metal(loid) bioaccessibility was determined using in vitro physiol...
Source: Environment International - April 18, 2023 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Tian-Tian Zuo Jia Zhu Fei Gao Ji-Shuang Wang Qing-Hui Song Hai-Yan Wang Lei Sun Wan-Qiang Zhang De-Juan Kong Yuan-Sheng Guo Jian-Bo Yang Feng Wei Qi Wang Hong-Yu Jin Shuang-Cheng Ma Source Type: research

Neurosurgical skills analysis by machine learning models: systematic review
This study aimed to summarize the current applications of ML in the analysis and assessment of neurosurgical skills. We conducted this systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for eligible studies published until November 15, 2022, and used the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) to assess the quality of the included articles. Of the 261 studies identified, we included 17 in the final analysis. Studies were most commonly related to oncological, spinal, and vasc...
Source: Neurosurgical Review - May 16, 2023 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Evolution from Medical Imaging to Visualized Medicine
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1199:1-13. doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9902-3_1.ABSTRACTThe discovery of X-ray in 1895 and the first X-ray image of Mrs. Röntgen's hand opened up a new era of radiology and the research of medical imaging. The evolution of traditional medical imaging has been lasting for over 100 years, serving the detection, diagnosis, and treatments of human diseases with a clear view of the anatomy information. In late 1990s, the concept of molecular imaging was proposed as the science and technology of molecular biology and bio-engineering rapidly developed, and it directly gave birth to the emergence of precision m...
Source: Adv Data - July 17, 2023 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yu Shi Zhe Liu Source Type: research

Abstract A30: Hypoxia induces macrophage polarization and re-education towards an M2 phenotype in glioblastoma
Conclusion: In this study, using a human preclinical GBM model which progressively develops severe hypoxia, we showed that the presence of MΦ in the tumor depends on presence or not of hypoxia. We have also shown that hypoxia polarizes and re-educates MΦ towards M2 MΦ but also that it fine-tunes the M2 phenotype. These results highlight the effect of hypoxia in the aggressiveness of GBM and may help to improve therapies for these tumors by taking in account that hypoxia drives MΦ towards a protumoral phenotype.Acknowledgements: Conseil Régional de Basse-Normandie, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Archade, CNRS, th...
Source: Cancer Research - December 9, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Leblond, M. M., Gerault, A. N., Corroyer–Dulmont, A., Petit, E., Bernaudin, M., Valable, S. Tags: Tumor Microenvironment Source Type: research

Rare-43. search for druggable targets in primary nervous system melanotic tumors: melanocytomas, melanotic schwannomas, primary melanomas
Due to the extreme rarity of primary nervous system melanotic tumors, relatively limited studies have been conducted attempting to identify distinguishing mutations and/or druggable targets. Melanocytomas share GNAQ mutations with uveal melanoma (Brain Pathol. 25:202-8, 2015; Acta Neuropathol 119:317-323, 2010); clinical trials in uveal melanomas have shown that MEK inhibition may result in clinical benefit in tumors with these mutations. BRAF V600E mutations (paralleled by BRAF VE1 immunohistochemistry) are targetable by vemurafenib, but large numbers of primary nervous system melanomas have not been assessed. Adding to t...
Source: Neuro-Oncology - November 6, 2016 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Lillehei, K., Davies, K., Aisner, D., Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K. Tags: RARE TUMORS Source Type: research

Brain Tumor Consortium narrows search for familial glioma susceptibility
Researchers have narrowed the search for the gene or genes associated with inherited susceptibility to glioma.
Source: BWH News - November 15, 2011 Category: Hospital Management Source Type: news

Dana-Farber Sleep Education Class Helping Cancer Survivors Rest Better
BOSTON (CBS) – Many cancer survivors have trouble sleeping, so the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute is offering a sleep education class to change that. Ken Giacoppo struggles with insomnia, and since being diagnosed with brain cancer two years ago, it’s gotten worse. “I’m just fatigued constantly all the time during the day, so I take cat naps,” he said. The stress of having cancer and the grueling treatments can all impact a patient’s sleep. “These are all insults to the system that may disrupt sleep that in the short term, people cope with reasonably well, but then as they persist, the consequences ...
Source: WBZ-TV - Breaking News, Weather and Sports for Boston, Worcester and New Hampshire - January 7, 2020 Category: Consumer Health News Authors: Health – CBS Boston Tags: Boston News Health Healthwatch Seen On WBZ-TV Syndicated CBSN Boston Syndicated Local Cancer Dana Farber Cancer Institute Dr. Mallika Marshall Health Watch Source Type: news

Perspectives on the Classical Enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase and the Search for Inhibitors.
Abstract Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a thoroughly studied enzyme. Its primary role is the rapid interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate in the cells, where carbon dioxide is produced, and in the lungs, where it is released from the blood. At the same time, it regulates pH homeostasis. The inhibitory function of sulfonamides on CA was discovered some 80 years ago. There are numerous physiological-therapeutic conditions in which inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase have a positive effect, such as glaucoma, or act as diuretics. With the realization that several isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase are associated wit...
Source: Biophysical Journal - August 26, 2020 Category: Physics Authors: Jonsson BH, Liljas A Tags: Biophys J Source Type: research

Molecules, Vol. 25, Pages 5075: Repurposing Auranofin and Evaluation of a New Gold(I) Compound for the Search of Treatment of Human and Cattle Parasitic Diseases: From Protozoa to Helminth Infections
lisabeth Davioud-Charvet Neglected parasitic diseases remain a major public health issue worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Human parasite diversity is very large, ranging from protozoa to worms. In most cases, more effective and new drugs are urgently needed. Previous studies indicated that the gold(I) drug auranofin (Ridaura®) is effective against several parasites. Among new gold(I) complexes, the phosphole-containing gold(I) complex {1-phenyl-2,5-di(2-pyridyl)phosphole}AuCl (abbreviated as GoPI) is an irreversible inhibitor of both purified human glutathione and thioredoxin reducta...
Source: Molecules - November 1, 2020 Category: Chemistry Authors: Liwen Feng S ébastien Pomel Perle Latre de Late Alexandre Taravaud Philippe M. Loiseau Louis Maes Fidelis Cho-Ngwa Christina A. Bulman Chelsea Fischer Judy A. Sakanari Peter D. Ziniel David L. Williams Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet Tags: Article Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 13, Pages 19: Immunocompetent Mouse Models in the Search for Effective Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma
Coosemans Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive intrinsic brain tumor in adults. Despite maximal therapy consisting of surgery and radio/chemotherapy, GBM remains largely incurable with a median survival of less than 15 months. GBM has a strong immunosuppressive nature with a multitude of tumor and microenvironment (TME) derived factors that prohibit an effective immune response. To date, all clinical trials failed to provide lasting clinical efficacy, despite the relatively high success rates of preclinical studies to show effectivity of immunotherapy. Various factors may explain this discrepancy, including the in...
Source: Cancers - December 23, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Roxanne Wouters Sien Bevers Matteo Riva Frederik De Smet An Coosemans Tags: Review Source Type: research

Cancers, Vol. 13, Pages 614: Personalizing Oncolytic Virotherapy for Glioblastoma: In Search of Biomarkers for Response
mfers Oncolytic virus (OV) treatment may offer a new treatment option for the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma. Clinical trials testing oncolytic viruses in this patient group have shown promising results, with patients achieving impressive long-term clinical responses. However, the number of responders to each OV remains low. This is thought to arise from the large heterogeneity of these tumors, both in terms of molecular make-up and their immune-suppressive microenvironment, leading to variability in responses. An approach that may improve response rates is the personalized utilization of oncolytic viruses against...
Source: Cancers - February 4, 2021 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Eftychia Stavrakaki Clemens M.F. Dirven Martine L.M. Lamfers Tags: Review Source Type: research

Wernicke encephalopathy in a lung cancer patient receiving home medical care
Palliat Support Care. 2021 Jul 23:1-3. doi: 10.1017/S1478951521000900. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE: Cancer patients often want to spend their final days at home, and it is essential that general practitioners have knowledge of and technical skills related to cancer medicine and symptom relief. Recent clinical studies have revealed that Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is quite common in cancer patients. However, there have been no reports to date on WE in cancer patients undergoing home medical care.METHODS: From a series of cancer patient undergoing home medical care, we reported a patient with lung cancer who dev...
Source: Palliative and Supportive Care - July 23, 2021 Category: Palliative Care Authors: Hiroshi Ito Mayumi Ishida Kumi Itami Akira Yoshioka Izumi Sato Nozomu Uchida Nobuyuki Onizawa Hideki Onishi Source Type: research