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Cancer: Melanoma
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Total 1255 results found since Jan 2013.
Abstract 2944: Decline in arylsulfatase B (N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) leads to increased expression of the transmembrane glycoprotein GPNMB
The enzyme arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase), which removes 4-sulfate groups from chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) and dermatan sulfate, is reduced in malignant human epithelial breast, colonic, and prostate cells and tissues. Lower ARSB immunohistochemical scores have been associated with shorter intervals to recurrence in paired cases of prostate cancer and with propensity for metastasis in malignant colonic cells. The transmembrane glycoprotein GPNMB has been shown to be increased in malignant melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and mammary carcinoma, and is a target of antibody therapy in triple-negat...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Bhattacharyya, S., Feferman, L., Tobacman, J. K. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3334: The role of nuclear HER3 in breast cancer resistance
HER3 is reported to be overexpressed in 18-29% of human breast cancers and suggested to be a marker of reduced disease-specific survival in 4,406 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Overexpression and subcellular localization of HER3 may be a negative predictive marker for targeted therapies, and HER3 status may play a role in the development of drug resistance and metastasis. Translocation of ERBB family members EGFR, HER2 and HER4 into nucleus for regulating gene transcription have been reported, but only a few studies about nuclear HER3 have been reported and the biological role of nuclear HER3 is still unknown. HE...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Tang, P. M. K., Khoo, U. S., Harris, A. L., Kong, A. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 3355: Inhibiting glyoxylase 1 as a strategy to target highly glycolytic cancer cells
Cancer cells typically display altered glucose metabolism characterized by a preference of aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) resulting in higher levels of glycolytic waste including methylglyoxal (MG). GLO1 (Glyoxalase 1) functions in the detoxification of MG: MG reacts with glutathione to form hemithioacetal, which is converted into S-D-Lactoylglutathione by GLO1 and further metabolised into D-lactate by GLO2. When not detoxified, MG acts as a cytotoxic reagent by forming DNA- and protein-adducts (advanced glycation end products = AGEs) that subsequently lead to cell death. Therefore, GLO1 has been discussed as a potent...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gruenewald, S., Steckel, M., Timmermann, A., Rehwinkel, H., Steigemann, P., Zacharias, S., Walter, A., Bauser, M., Haegebarth, A. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 4070: Functional differences of actinin isoforms in the formation of invadopodia by invasive cancer cells
In this study, we studied the roles of and functional differences between actinin-1 and -4 in invadopodia formation to determine the impact of actinin-4 expression on cancer cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that both actinin-1 and -4 clearly localized at invadopodia in RPMI-7951 human melanoma cells and there was no obvious difference in their localization patterns. Likewise, invadopodia formation and degradation of fluorescent gelatin matrix were blocked by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either actinin-1 or -4. In contrast, only actinin-4, but not actinin-1, promoted invadopodia-mediated gelatin degradation activity...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ito, Y., Yamaguchi, H., Fukami, K., Honda, K., Miura, N., Yamada, T., Sakai, R. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research
Abstract 4577: Telomere oligonucleotides induce DNA damage responses in cancer cells: Mechanism of action and novel nanocomplex delivery system
Telomeres, the ribonucleoprotein complexes found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, protect genomic DNA from end-to-end fusions and degradation by nucleases. During each round of cell division, the ends of telomeres are incompletely replicated, resulting in a net loss of telomeric DNA. When critically shortened, telomeres lose their ability to protect chromosomes from sustaining damage, thereby triggering cellular senescence or apoptosis.
In numerous cancer types, administration of an oligonucleotide homologous to 3′-telomere overhang (T-oligo) induces potent DNA damage responses, presumably by mimicking or inducing ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Wojdyla, L. M., Uppada, S. B., Puri, N. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research
The functional characterization of long noncoding RNA SPRY4-IT1 in human melanoma cells.
Authors: Mazar J, Zhao W, Khalil AM, Lee B, Shelley J, Govindarajan SS, Yamamoto F, Ratnam M, Aftab MN, Collins S, Finck BN, Han X, Mattick JS, Dinger ME, Perera RJ
Abstract
Expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SPRY4-IT1 is low in normal human melanocytes but high in melanoma cells. siRNA knockdown of SPRY4-IT1 blocks melanoma cell invasion and proliferation, and increases apoptosis. To investigate its function further, we affinity purified SPRY4-IT1 from melanoma cells and used mass spectrometry to identify the protein lipin 2, an enzyme that converts phosphatidate to diacylglycerol (DAG), as a major bind...
Source: Oncotarget - November 12, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Oncotarget Source Type: research
Resistance to UV‐Induced Apoptosis by Beta HPV5 E6 Involves Targeting of Activated BAK for Proteolysis by Recruitment of the HERC1 Ubiquitin Ligase
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: International Journal of Cancer - November 19, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Amy Holloway, Mark Simmonds, Abul Azad, Joanna Fox, Alan Storey Tags: Infectious Causes of Cancer Source Type: research
Functional implication of Netrin expression in malignant melanoma.
CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that Netrin-1 promotes melanoma cell invasion and migration and therefore has an important role in the progression of malignant melanoma.
PMID: 19940358 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Source: Analytical Cellular Pathology - November 25, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Cell Oncol Source Type: research
Autocrine secretion of 15d‐PGJ2 mediates simvastatin‐induced apoptotic burst in human metastatic melanoma cells
Conclusions and ImplicationsWe characterized simvastatin‐induced activation of the 15d‐PGJ2/FABP5 signalling cascades, which triggered an apoptotic burst in melanoma cells but did not affect primary human melanocytes. These data support the rationale for the pharmacological targeting of 15d‐PGJ2 in metastatic melanoma.
Source: British Journal of Pharmacology - December 1, 2014 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Christine Wasinger, Martin Künzl, Christoph Minichsdorfer, Christoph Höller, Maria Zellner, Martin Hohenegger Tags: RESEARCH PAPER Source Type: research
MDA-9 and GRP78 as potential diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of melanoma metastasis
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma, the primary cause of skin cancer-related death, warrants new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that target the regulatory machinery at molecular level. The heterogeneity and complexity of melanoma result in the difficulty to find biomarkers and targets for early detection and treatment. Here, we investigated metastasis-associated proteins by comparing the proteomic profiles of primary cutaneous melanomas to their matched lymph node metastases, which minimizes heterogeneity among samples from different patients. Results of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by prot...
Source: Tumor Biology - December 6, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The Role of the Pro-Survival Molecule Bfl-1 in Melanoma.
Abstract
Bfl-1 is a pro-survival Bcl-2 family member overexpressed in a subset of chemoresistant tumours, including melanoma. Here, we characterised the expression and regulation of Bfl-1 in normal and malignant melanocytes and determined its role in protecting these cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Bfl-1 was mitochondrially resident in both resting and apoptotic cells and experienced regulation by the proteasome and NFκB pathways. siRNA-mediated knockdown enhanced sensitivity towards various relevant drug treatments, with forced overexpression of Bfl-1 protective. These findings identify Bfl-1 as a con...
Source: The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology - December 5, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Ck H, Mj C, Cl H, C C, S J, Ms C Tags: Int J Biochem Cell Biol Source Type: research
Resistance to UV‐induced apoptosis by β‐HPV5 E6 involves targeting of activated BAK for proteolysis by recruitment of the HERC1 ubiquitin ligase
UV exposure is the main etiological agent in the development of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), but mounting evidence suggests a co‐factorial role for β‐genus HPV types early in tumor initiation or progression. UV damage initiates an apoptotic response, driven at the mitochondrial level by BCL‐2 family proteins, that eliminates damaged cells that may accumulate deleterious mutations and acquire tumorigenic properties. BAK is a pro‐apoptotic BCL‐2 protein that functions ultimately to form pores that permeabilize the mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby committing a cell to death, a process involving changes i...
Source: International Journal of Cancer - December 15, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Amy Holloway, Mark Simmonds, Abul Azad, Joanna L. Fox, Alan Storey Tags: Infectious Causes of Cancer Source Type: research
Anti-Cancer Effect of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 Inhibition in Human Glioma U87 Cells: Involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway
Conclusion: The remarkable efficiency of mGluR1 inhibition to induce cell death in U87 cells may find therapeutic application for the treatment of glioma patients.Cell Physiol Biochem 2015;35:419-432
Source: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry - January 6, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Melanoma tumors frequently acquire LRP2/megalin expression, which modulates melanoma cell proliferation and survival rates.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
PMID: 25585665 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research - January 14, 2015 Category: Cytology Authors: Andersen RK, Hammer K, Hager H, Christensen JN, Ludvigsen M, Honoré B, Thomsen MB, Madsen M Tags: Pigment Cell Melanoma Res Source Type: research
Abstract A62: TGF-{beta} regulates CXCL1 expression in mammary carcinoma associated fibroblasts through novel Smad2/3- and HGF/c-Met-dependent mechanisms.
CXCL1 is a chemokine secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and plays a role in inflammation and wound healing. Enhanced expression of CXCL1 in tumor epithelium is associated with cell invasion, angiogenesis in melanoma, bladder, ovarian and breast cancer. However, little is known about CXCL1 expression in tumor stroma. Through analysis of gene expression data, our studies reveal that high RNA levels of CXCL1 in breast tumor stroma is associated with increased rate of recurrence and shorter relapse-free survival. We noticed decreased secretion levels of TGF-β and increased secretion of CXC...
Source: Cancer Research - January 12, 2015 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zou, A., Lambert, D., Yeh, H., Fang, W. B., Cheng, N. Tags: Translational and Therapeutic Potential of the Tumor Microenvironment Source Type: research
