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Cancer: Leukemia

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First-line therapy for young patients with CLL.
Authors: Jain N, O'Brien S Abstract A 61-year-old man with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presents with complaints of worsening fatigue and night sweats. He was diagnosed with CLL 3 years ago on routine blood count testing. He has no major medical comorbidities. On examination, he has several 2- to 3-cm lymph nodes in the cervical and axillary area. Spleen is palpable 5 cm below the costal margin. Blood counts show lymphocytosis with thrombocytopenia and anemia. Prognostic markers include deletion 13q by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis and mutated IGHV You are asked by the hematology fe...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 4, 2016 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

Treatment adherence in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors
AbstractFailure to comply with treatment recommendations is very common in patients, but still poorly recognised by doctors. The current practice of using oral therapy on a large scale has been increasingly adopted for cancer patients. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is just such an example, where the introduction of taking new oral medications, the tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL inhibitors (TKI), has now revolutionised the treatment. The aim of our study was to assess treatment adherence in a group of Polish CML patients (a survey was conducted on 140 patient aged ≥18 years) treated with oral TKI (imatinib, dasatinib and nilo...
Source: Medical Oncology - April 25, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

Is Cancer Information Exchanged on Social Media Scientifically Accurate?
AbstractCancer patients and their caregivers are increasingly using social media as a platform to share cancer experiences, connect with support, and exchange cancer-related information. Yet, little is known about the nature and scientific accuracy of cancer-related information exchanged on social media. We conducted a content analysis of 12  months of data from 18 publically available Facebook Pages hosted by parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (N = 15,852 posts) and extracted all exchanges of medically-oriented cancer information. We systematically coded for themes in the nature of cancer-related inf...
Source: Journal of Cancer Education - July 19, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

How should we sequence and combine novel therapies in CLL?
Authors: Davids MS Abstract With the recent approval of several effective and well-tolerated novel agents (NAs), including ibrutinib, idelalisib, venetoclax, and obinutuzumab, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have more therapeutic options than ever before. The availability of these agents is both an important advance for patients but also a challenge for practicing hematologist/oncologists to learn how best to sequence NAs, both with respect to chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) and to other NAs. The sequencing of NAs in clinical practice should be guided both by an individual patient's prognostic markers, su...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 10, 2017 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

Pediatric leukemia susceptibility disorders: manifestations and management.
Authors: McReynolds LJ, Savage SA Abstract The clinical manifestations of inherited susceptibility to leukemia encompass a wide phenotypic range, including patients with certain congenital anomalies or early-onset myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and some with no obvious medical problems until they develop leukemia. Leukemia susceptibility syndromes occur as a result of autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive inheritance, or de novo occurrence, of germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair, ribosome biogenesis, telomere biology, hematopoietic transcription factors, tumor suppressors, and other ...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 10, 2017 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

Performance Characteristics of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology: An Analysis of Responses From the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytopathology Education Program.
CONCLUSIONS: - This study illustrates the difficulties in achieving accurate diagnoses from cerebrospinal fluid specimens, particularly for nonhematopoietic small blue round cell tumors and normal and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid specimens. PMID: 29624076 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine - April 6, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Tabatabai ZL, Auger M, Souers RJ, Teot L, Davey DD Tags: Arch Pathol Lab Med Source Type: research

Long-term complications in adolescent and young adult leukemia survivors.
Authors: Baker KS, Syrjala KL Abstract Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer, defined by the National Cancer Institute as having been diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 39 years old, have not benefited from the same improvements in quality of outcomes and survival that have been seen for individuals diagnosed in childhood or as older adults. Although is leukemia composed of a diverse group of diagnoses, leukemia AYA survivors share unique vulnerabilities with other AYA diagnostic groups. They will spend the majority of their lives as survivors, with clear evidence of adverse medical conditions, health c...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 7, 2018 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

No free rides: management of toxicities of novel immunotherapies in ALL, including financial.
Authors: Jain T, Litzow MR Abstract Therapeutic options for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, especially in the relapsed/refractory setting, have expanded significantly in recent times. However, this comes at the cost of toxicities: medical as well as financial. We highlight some of the unique toxicities associated with the novel agents to apprise our readers about what to expect, how to recognize them, and how to manage these toxicities. One of the toxicities seen with inotuzumab, a CD22 antibody drug conjugate, is sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, which can be fatal in >80% of patients if associated with multiorgan...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 7, 2018 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

In MDS, is higher risk higher reward?
Authors: Sanz GF Abstract Patients with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR-MDS) are defined by the original or revised International Prognostic Scoring System and specific genetic features. Treatment of HR-MDS is challenging. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the only curative approach, is feasible in a minority of fit or intermediate fitness patients aged <70 to 75 years who are willing to face the risks of the procedure. Response to azacitidine and decitabine, the only approved drugs for HR-MDS and considered the standard of care, is partial and transient in most patients. The developme...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 7, 2019 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

What Causes Neutropenia?
Discussion Neuropenia is defined as a neutrophil count < 1500/µL. It is classified as mild from 1000-1500/µL, moderate from 500-1000/µL, and severe if < 500/µL. It is not uncommonly seen in the setting of acute self-limited infections, and with re-testing returns to normal. It is also not uncommon at certain ages, such as perinatally, especially in premature infants (up to 6%) . It is also common in certain ethnic groups particularly African American or Arabic populations where up to 10% of the children may have mild neutropenia which does not cause clinical disease. The overall prevalence a...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - March 2, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Chimeric Antigen Receptor, Teamwork, Education, Assessment, and Management (CAR-TEAM): A Simulation-Based Inter-professional Education (IPE) Intervention for Management of CAR Toxicities
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapies such as tisagenlecleucel, indicated for children and young adults with relapsed and/or refractory CD19+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), have been associated with striking treatment outcomes and overall survival. Yet, they are also associated with unique and potentially life-threatening complications. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS) are generally reversible complications of CAR therapies, but many patients may require critical care support especially if they are not promptly recognized and appropriately managed by frontli...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - August 4, 2020 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research

What Causes Joint Pain?
DiscussionMusculoskeletal problems are common problems in pediatric practice with up to 15% of acute care visits being for this problem. Joint pain is a common concern for families but the differential diagnosis is extensive and needs thoughtful consideration. History is a key to discerning the potential diagnosis but also in guiding the physical examination and laboratory examination. Family history especially for systemic diseases should be considered. On physical examination all joints should be examined include sacroiliac and temporomandibular joints. Is this arthritis or arthralgia? Distinction between inflammatory...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - October 26, 2020 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

How to approach shared decision making when determining consolidation, maintenance therapy, and transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia.
Authors: Walker AR Abstract Until recently, treatment options for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were limited to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents that possessed little specificity for the cytogenetic and molecular mutations known to risk stratify patients with this disease. With the approval of multiple new therapies, not only have the agents that we treat patients with changed, but the way we talk about these options, decide on, and manage therapy has also been transformed. Given these complexities, it is important that we help patients make an informed decision by weighing the risk of relapse with pa...
Source: Hematology ASH Education Program - December 5, 2020 Category: Hematology Tags: Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program Source Type: research

What Are Some Mast Cell Disorders?
Discussion Mast cells (MCs) were first discovered by Paul Ehrlich in 1878. Previously in 1869, Nettleship and Tay described a toddler with chronic urticaria and a brown skin lesion which is believed to be the first reported case of mastocytosis. Urticaria pigmentosa was a term first used by Sangster in 1878, and in 1936 the term mastocytosis was used. “Mast cells first evolved 500 million years ago in Ascidians (sea squirts), providing host innate immunity against bacteria and parasites….MCs gained additional functions regulating inflammation, wound healing, coagulation, adaptive immunity and acute allergic res...
Source: PediatricEducation.org - February 21, 2022 Category: Pediatrics Authors: Pediatric Education Tags: Uncategorized Source Type: news

Factors Contributing to the Unmet Needs of Primary Caregivers of Omani Children Diagnosed with Leukemia
CONCLUSIONS: Various sociodemographic variables affected the unmet needs of primary caregivers of children with leukemias in Oman. Healthcare professionals in Oman should be aware of such factors to reduce caregiver distress.PMID:35356367 | PMC:PMC8941018 | DOI:10.5001/omj.2022.40
Source: Oman Medical Journal - March 31, 2022 Category: Middle East Health Authors: Amal Al-Dhawyani Karima Al-Hinai Moon Fai Chan Mohammed Al-Azri Source Type: research