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Total 198 results found since Jan 2013.

The Roles of EP4 Prostanoid Receptors in Cancer Malignancy Signaling.
Abstract The lipid mediator prostanoids consist of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase. There are five major prostanoids, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and they are involved in a variety of biological responses such as inflammation, allergy, parturition, and tumorigenesis. These prostanoids exert their effects via activation of their cognate G protein coupled receptors, e.g., E-type prostanoid (EP) receptors for PGE2. The EP receptors are composed of four subtypes, namely EP1 to EP4. Here, breakthroughs in the last dozen years of research ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - February 3, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fujino H Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

Low-level APC mutational mosaicism is the underlying cause in a substantial fraction of unexplained colorectal adenomatous polyposis cases
Conclusions The present data indicate a high prevalence of pathogenic mosaic APC mutations below the detection thresholds of routine diagnostics in adenomatous polyposis, even if high-coverage sequencing of leucocyte DNA alone is taken into account. This has important implications for both routine work-up and strategies to identify new causative genes in this patient group.
Source: Journal of Medical Genetics - February 24, 2016 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Authors: Spier, I., Drichel, D., Kerick, M., Kirfel, J., Horpaopan, S., Laner, A., Holzapfel, S., Peters, S., Adam, R., Zhao, B., Becker, T., Lifton, R. P., Perner, S., Hoffmann, P., Kristiansen, G., Timmermann, B., Nöthen, M. M., Holinski-Feder, E., Schwe Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Colon cancer Cancer genetics Source Type: research

Adverse histological features in malignant colorectal polyps: a contemporary series of 239 cases
Conclusions Surgical resection should be recommended if ≥2 of these adverse histological features are present and may be warranted if one feature is present. A positive margin may require additional local resection but not necessarily surgery if no other adverse factors are present.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - March 17, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Brown, I. S., Bettington, M. L., Bettington, A., Miller, G., Rosty, C. Tags: Endoscopy, Immunology (including allergy), Colon cancer, Intestinal cancer, Morbid anatomy / surgical pathology Original article Source Type: research

Differential diagnosis of bladder versus colorectal adenocarcinoma: keratin 7 and GATA3 positivity in nuclear ss-catenin-negative glandular tumours defines adenocarcinoma of the bladder
Conclusions Differential diagnosis of BAC and CAC remains difficult, but positive staining for keratin 7 in nuclear ß-catenin-negative tumours argues for BAC. Additional markers like GATA3 and p63 may be added, as positivity in some cases may be helpful. However, for reliable histological diagnosis, knowledge of comprehensive clinical data is still essential.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - March 17, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Broede, A., Oll, M., Maurer, A., Siegert, S., Stoerkel, S., Golz, R., Schwamborn, K., Veeck, J., Knuechel, R., Gaisa, N. T., for the German study group of bladder cancers Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Colon cancer Original article Source Type: research

A comparison of formalin and GEWF in fixation of colorectal carcinoma specimens: rates of lymph node retrieval and effect on TNM staging
Conclusions The routine use of adjunct techniques to identify additional lymph nodes is unnecessary with underlying high-quality dissection practice. Emphasis should be placed upon education and training, spending appropriate time dissecting and ensuring specimens are sufficiently fixed beforehand.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - May 18, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Horne, J., Carr, N. J., Bateman, A. C., Kandala, N., Adams, J., Silva, S., Ryder, I. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Colon cancer Original article Source Type: research

Diagnoses and Management of Drug Hypersensitivity and Anaphylaxis in Cancer and Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Reactions to Taxanes and Monoclonal Antibodies
Abstract Due to the increase in utilization of chemotherapies and antibodies, drug hypersensitivity reactions have increased dramatically worldwide, preventing the use of first-line therapies and impacting patients’ survival and quality of life. Some of the more frequently used medications in cancer include taxanes for ovarian, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. Monoclonal antibodies are used in the treatment of neoplastic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, and their clinical applications are becoming broader. Monoclonal antibody targets include CD20, HER-2, EGFR, IL-6 receptor, TNF-α, CD30, VEGF-A, IgE, ...
Source: Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology - June 7, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Netrin-1 is highly expressed and required in inflammatory infiltrates in wear particle-induced osteolysis
Conclusions These results demonstrate a unique role for Netrin-1 in osteoclast biology and inflammation and may be a novel target for prevention/treatment of inflammatory osteolysis.
Source: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases - August 9, 2016 Category: Rheumatology Authors: Mediero, A., Ramkhelawon, B., Wilder, T., Purdue, P. E., Goldring, S. R., Dewan, M. Z., Loomis, C., Moore, K. J., Cronstein, B. N. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Inflammation, Radiology, Musculoskeletal syndromes, Clinical diagnostic tests, Radiology (diagnostics), Calcium and bone Basic and translational research Source Type: research

No Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Older-Onset IBD No Increased Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Older-Onset IBD
A new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in individuals over age 60 does not increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer, although patients may be at increased risk for hematological cancers, say researchers based in France.Reuters Health Information
Source: Medscape Allergy Headlines - August 18, 2016 Category: Allergy & Immunology Tags: Hematology-Oncology News Source Type: news

Does examining the whole lymph node improve detection of lymph node metastases in colorectal carcinomas?
In this study we reviewed the lymph nodes from all 54 colorectal resections for colorectal carcinoma with positive lymph nodes obtained in 1 year. Macroscopically negative nodes had been sliced and all the tissue embedded. There were 20 lymph nodes that had a metastasis seen in only one section of the sliced node, from 13 resections; 6 patients could have had their staging changed if the nodes had been sampled rather than all embedded and examined. The median size of the smallest metastasis for each patient was 2 mm. We suggest that all tissue from macroscopically negative lymph nodes should be examined.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - September 19, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Lynch, N., Williamson, S. L. H. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Colon cancer Short report Source Type: research

Garcinol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases.
Authors: Behera AK, Swamy MM, Natesh N, Kundu TK Abstract The various bioactive compounds isolated from leaves and fruits of Garcinia sps plants, have been characterized and experimentally demonstrated to be anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer in nature. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone, obtained from plant Garcinia indica has been found to be an effective inhibitor of several key regulatory pathways (e.g., NF-kB, STAT3 etc.) in cancer cells, thereby being able to control malignant growth of solid tumours in vivo. Despite its high potential as an anti-neoplastic modulator of several cancer typ...
Source: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - September 29, 2016 Category: Research Tags: Adv Exp Med Biol Source Type: research

The Roles of EP4 Prostanoid Receptors in Cancer Malignancy Signaling.
Abstract The lipid mediator prostanoids consist of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and are synthesized from arachidonic acid by the action of cyclooxygenase. There are five major prostanoids, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and they are involved in a variety of biological responses such as inflammation, allergy, parturition, and tumorigenesis. These prostanoids exert their effects via activation of their cognate G protein coupled receptors, e.g., E-type prostanoid (EP) receptors for PGE2. The EP receptors are composed of four subtypes, namely EP1 to EP4. Here, breakthroughs in the last dozen years of research ...
Source: Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin - November 4, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fujino H Tags: Biol Pharm Bull Source Type: research

Value of SATB2 immunostaining in the distinction between small intestinal and colorectal adenocarcinomas
Conclusions SATB2 is not entirely CRC-specific and is expressed in a subset of SIAs. Unlike CRC, however, SIA infrequently shows a strong and diffuse staining pattern, which still makes SATB2 a useful immunomarker to distinguish SIA from CRC.
Source: Journal of Clinical Pathology - November 17, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Kim, C. J., Baruch-Oren, T., Lin, F., Fan, X., Yang, X. J., Wang, H. L. Tags: Immunology (including allergy), Colon cancer, Intestinal cancer Original article Source Type: research

A Genetic Study of Ulcerative Colitis.
Authors: Binder V, Weeke E, Olsen JH, Anthonisen P, Rus P Abstract A group of 152 patients with a verified diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (including haemorrhagic proctitis) was compared with a control group with an identical sex ratio, age, and social class distribution. All patients attended an ulcerative colitis out-patient clinic, and had been examined and followed by the members of the team. By the use of questionnaires information was gathered concerning familial incidence of the following diseases: ulcerative colitis, regional ileitis, cancer of the colon and rectum, allergic diseases of the immediate type (...
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology - December 3, 2016 Category: Gastroenterology Tags: Scand J Gastroenterol Source Type: research

Abstract A32: A randomized, controlled trial of fish oil supplementation on eicosanoid production in patients at risk for colorectal cancer
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties and may be a potential chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancer. Dietary n-3 LCPUFAs decreases tissue content of arachidonic acid, inhibits prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase, and reduces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Eleven alpha-hydroxy-9, 15-dioxo-2, 3, 4, 5-tetranorprostane-1, 20-dioic acid (PGE-M) is a urinary metabolite of prostaglandin E2 that is associated with an increased risk for colorectal adenomas and cancer. Limited data exists investigating the im...
Source: Cancer Research - January 30, 2017 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Harvey J. Murff, Martha J. Shrubsole, Qiuyin Cai, Timothy Su, Stephanie M. Martin, Sandra Motley, Ginger Milne, Wei Zheng, Qi Dai Tags: Prevention Source Type: research

Antivirulence Properties of Probiotics in Combating Microbial Pathogenesis.
Abstract Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Ample evidence is documented to support the potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of infections. Health benefits of probiotics include prevention of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea, atopic eczema, dental carries, colorectal cancers, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The cumulative body of scientific evidence that demonstrates the beneficial effects of probiotics on health and disease prevention has m...
Source: Advances in Applied Microbiology - February 14, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Surendran Nair M, Amalaradjou MA, Venkitanarayanan K Tags: Adv Appl Microbiol Source Type: research