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Tobacco Product Use Among Adults - United States, 2017.
Abstract Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body and causes adverse health consequences, including heart disease, stroke, and multiple types of cancer (1). Although cigarette smoking among U.S. adults has declined considerably, tobacco products have evolved in recent years to include various combustible, noncombustible, and electronic products (1,2). To assess recent national estimates of tobacco product use among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, CDC, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National Institutes of Health's National Cancer Institute analyzed data from the 2017 National Health Int...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 9, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Wang TW, Asman K, Gentzke AS, Cullen KA, Holder-Hayes E, Reyes-Guzman C, Jamal A, Neff L, King BA Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Multimorbidity and Comorbidity are now separate MESH headings
Nicholson et  al. in a commentary point out that confusion continues within clinical epidemiology articles and elsewhere as to how to reliably distinguish between ‘comorbidity’ and ‘multimorbidity’. Although differentiated in a paper by van der Akker (AK was an author) [1], only now in January 2018 has MeSH designated definitions and a different classification term for multimorbidity, distinct from comorbidity. Nicholson et al. re-emphasize that this is more than a semantic difference. While both terms focus on the occurrence of multiple chronic conditions within the same individual, the term ‘ ‘comorbidityâ€...
Source: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology - December 4, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Peter Tugwell, J. Andr é Knottnerus Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Among Nonsmokers - United States, 1988-2014.
Abstract Exposure to secondhand smoke from burning tobacco products can cause sudden infant death syndrome, respiratory infections, ear infections, and asthma attacks in infants and children, and coronary heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer in adult nonsmokers (1). There is no risk-free level of secondhand smoke exposure (2). CDC analyzed questionnaire and laboratory data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess patterns of secondhand smoke exposure among U.S. nonsmokers. The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among U.S. nonsmokers declined substantially during 1988-2014...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - December 7, 2018 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Tsai J, Homa DM, Gentzke AS, Mahoney M, Sharapova SR, Sosnoff CS, Caron KT, Wang L, Melstrom PC, Trivers KF Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Dental status is Associated with Incident Functional Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching.
CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective cohort study targeting community-dwelling older adults in Japan, less than 20 teeth was confirmed to be an independent risk factor for functional disability even after conducting propensity score matching. This study supports previous publications showing that oral health is associated with functional disability. PMID: 30686817 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Journal of Epidemiology - January 29, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Tags: J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Cancer Survivorship and Subclinical Myocardial Damage.
Abstract The rate of cardiovascular disease among cancer survivors is higher than in the general population. This difference is due to traditional CVD risk factors and also to the cardiotoxicity of cancer treatment. In a population-based cohort study of 3,512 men and women who were free of CVD at visit 5, Florido et al. evaluated the association of cancer survivorship with subclinical myocardial damage, as assessed by elevated high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT). Cancer survivors had significantly higher odds of elevated hs-cTnT (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 1.53). Results w...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - July 7, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Coughlin SS, Kapuku G Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Workplace Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among U.S. Nonsmoking Workers, 2015.
Abstract Secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure contributes to ill health and disease, including heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke (1). Although cigarette smoking has declined among U.S. workers, workplace exposure to SHS remains high, particularly among workers in certain industries, such as construction (2,3). Implementation of smoke-free laws has proven to be beneficial in reducing SHS exposure in general (1). CDC analyzed data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Occupational Health Supplement to assess the prevalence of self-reported workplace SHS exposure among nonsmoking workers by sm...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - July 11, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Su CP, Syamlal G, Tamers S, Li J, Luckhaupt SE Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Vital Signs: Estimated Proportion of Adult Health Problems Attributable to Adverse Childhood Experiences and Implications for Prevention - 25 States, 2015-2017.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE: Efforts that prevent adverse childhood experiences could also potentially prevent adult chronic conditions, depression, health risk behaviors, and negative socioeconomic outcomes. States can use comprehensive public health approaches derived from the best available evidence to prevent childhood adversity before it begins. By creating the conditions for healthy communities and focusing on primary prevention, it is possible to reduce risk for adverse childhood experiences while also mitigating consequences for those already affected by these experiences. PMID: 316...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - November 7, 2019 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Merrick MT, Ford DC, Ports KA, Guinn AS, Chen J, Klevens J, Metzler M, Jones CM, Simon TR, Daniel VM, Ottley P, Mercy JA Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Identification and Estimation of Causal Effects Using a Negative Control Exposure in Time-series Studies with Applications to Environmental Epidemiology.
Abstract The initial aim of environmental epidemiology is to estimate the causal effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes. However, due to lack of enough covariates in most environmental datasets, current methods without enough adjustments for confounders inevitably lead to residual confounding. We propose a Negative Control Exposure based on Time-series Studies (NCE-TS) model to effectively eliminate unobserved confounders using a post-outcome exposure as a negative control exposure. We show that the causal effect is identifiable and can be estimated by the NCE-TS for continuous and categorical outco...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - August 23, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Yu Y, Li H, Sun X, Liu X, Yang F, Hou L, Liu L, Yan R, Yu Y, Jing M, Xue H, Cao W, Wang Q, Zhong H, Xue F Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Randomized Trial Evaluation of Benefits and Risks of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Among Women Aged 50-59.
Abstract The health benefits and risks of menopausal hormone therapy among women aged 50-59 years are examined in the Women's Health Initiative randomized, placebo-controlled trials using long-term follow-up data and a parsimonious statistical model that leverages data from older participants to increase precision. These trials enrolled 27,347 healthy post-menopausal women aged 50-79 at 40 U.S. clinical centers during 1993-1998, including 10,739 post-hysterectomy participants in a trial of conjugated equine estrogens, and 16,608 participants with uterus in the trial of these estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acet...
Source: Am J Epidemiol - October 7, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Prentice RL, Aragaki AK, Chlebowski RT, Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Kuller LH, Wallace R, Johnson KC, Shadyab AH, Gass M, Manson JAE Tags: Am J Epidemiol Source Type: research

Sexual Orientation Disparities in Risk Factors for Adverse COVID-19-Related Outcomes, by Race/Ethnicity - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2017-2019.
Abstract Sexual minority persons experience health disparities associated with sexual stigma and discrimination and have a high prevalence of several health conditions that have been associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1,2). Current COVID-19 surveillance systems do not capture information about sexual orientation. To begin bridging the gap in knowledge about COVID-19 risk among sexual minority adults, CDC examined disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual adults in the prevalence of underlying conditions with strong or mixed evidence of associations with severe COVID-19-related i...
Source: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkl... - February 5, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Heslin KC, Hall JE Tags: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Source Type: research

Plant foods, dietary fibre and risk of ischaemic heart disease in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
ConclusionsIn this large prospective study, we found some small inverse associations between plant foods and IHD risk, with fruit and vegetables combined being the most strongly inversely associated with risk. Whether these small associations are causal remains unclear.
Source: International Journal of Epidemiology - November 27, 2020 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Vegetable nitrate intake, blood pressure and incident cardiovascular disease: Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study
AbstractWhether the vascular effects of inorganic nitrate, observed in clinical trials, translate to a reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with habitual dietary nitrate intake in prospective studies warrants investigation. We aimed to determine if vegetable nitrate, the major dietary nitrate source, is associated with lower blood pressure (BP) and lower risk of incident CVD. Among 53,150 participants of the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study, without CVD at baseline, vegetable nitrate intake was assessed using a comprehensive vegetable nitrate database. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using restricted cubic sp...
Source: European Journal of Epidemiology - April 21, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research

Relationship of higher-level functional capacity with long-term mortality in Japanese older people: NIPPON DATA90
CONCLUSION: Impaired HLFC was associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality among community-dwelling older people with independent BADL. In particular, social role in men and IADL and intellectual activity in women were associated with long-term mortality risk.PMID:34248110 | DOI:10.2188/jea.JE20210077
Source: Journal of Epidemiology - July 12, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Hideki Nagata Katsuyuki Miura Sachiko Tanaka Aya Kadota Takehito Hayakawa Keiko Kondo Akira Fujiyoshi Naoyuki Takashima Yoshikuni Kita Akira Okayama Tomonori Okamura Hirotsugu Ueshima Source Type: research

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