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Total 67 results found since Jan 2013.

Abstract 854: Inhibition of PRMT5 results in radiosensitization in lung cancer cell lines
Conclusion: PRMT5 inhibition by siRNA or its specific inhibitors lead to radiosensitivity in A549 lung cancer cell line. This effect may be partially dependent on p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Further work to inhibit PRMT5 in other lung cancer cell lines with different p53 activities will be investigated. Citation Format: Smitha Sharma, X Wu, P Smith, N Denko, C Li, H Lai, F Yan, K Shilo, A Chakravarti, S Sif, R Baiocchi, G Otterson, Meng Xu-Welliver. Inhibition of PRMT5 results in radiosensitization in lung cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Sharma, S., Wu, X., Smith, P., Denko, N., Li, C., Lai, H., Yan, F., Shilo, K., Chakravarti, A., Sif, S., Baiocchi, R., Otterson, G., Xu-Welliver, M. Tags: Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials) Source Type: research

Abstract 3937: Inhibition of Notch and HIF enhances the antitumor effect of radiation in Notch expressing lung cancer
Conclusions: Radiation-induced up-regulation of Notch pathway and HIF-1α might provide therapeutic targets for more effective radiation therapy in NSCLC. Citation Format: Yasuyuki Ikezawa, Jun Sakakibara-Konishi, Hidenori Mizugaki, Satoshi Oizumi, Masaharu Nishimura. Inhibition of Notch and HIF enhances the antitumor effect of radiation in Notch expressing lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3937. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3937
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ikezawa, Y., Sakakibara-Konishi, J., Mizugaki, H., Oizumi, S., Nishimura, M. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3941: The Egr1 transcription factor contributes to radiation-induced apoptosis in the mouse hippocampus and intestinal crypts
Although radiation therapy is a mainstay of cancer treatments, it can have deleterious effects on normal tissues, leading to poor quality of life for cancer survivors. Stem cells in normal tissues are particularly sensitive to radiation. It is believed that they are depleted after radiation, resulting in late sequelae such as low IQ, cognitive disorders, intestinal malabsorption, infertility, and skin injuries. Our laboratory has found that normal tissue stem cells express high levels of Early Growth Response 1 (Egr1) protein and mRNA. Egr1 is a zinc-finger transcription factor that initiates early signaling events in resp...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Zhao, D. Y., Jacobs, K. M., Karvas, R. M., Joubert, J. L., Hallahan, D. E., Thotala, D. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3943: siRNA-mediated HuR silencing sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to radiation therapy
HuR is a ubiquitously expressed member of the Elav/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins which can associate with mRNAs containing AU-rich elements in their 3′-untranslated regions. It is predominantly a nuclear protein that translocates to the cytoplasm in response to stress signals and stabilizes mRNAs encoding proteins implicated in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and stress response. Studies examining HuR expression in human cancers indicated that elevated cytoplasmic HuR expression is associated with a high histologic grade, large tumor size, and poor survival of patients with cancer, leading to the hypothe...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Basalingappa, K. M., Mehta, M., Griffith, J. N., Muralidharan, R., Gorospe, M., Ramesh, R., Munshi, A. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 861: Survivin-mediated adaptive response: a risk factor for IGRT
Exposure of cells to very low doses of ionizing radiation can induce an enhanced resistance or adaptive response to a subsequent larger radiation dose as demonstrated by an increase in cell survival. Expression of a radio-adaptive response has been attributed to pro-survival signaling processes induced by very low radiation doses in the range of 5 to 100 mGy. The radiation-induced adaptive response is gaining considerable attention due in part to the expanding use of imaging technologies such as computerized axial tomography and portal imaging to monitor tumor response and positioning during multi-dose standard radiation t...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Grdina, D. J., Murley, J. S., Miller, R. C., Woloschak, G. E., Li, J. J., Weichselbaum, R. R. Tags: Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials) Source Type: research

Abstract 3945: Inhibition of MMP2 expression enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy for a murine astrocytoma
This study provides a new treatment option for treating invasive brain tumors. (This study was supported by NHRI-EX103-10132BI and NSC 102-2314-B-007-003-MY3 grants) Citation Format: Ching-Fang Yu, Ying-Chieh Yang, Ji-Hong Hong, Chi-Shiun Chiang. Inhibition of MMP2 expression enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy for a murine astrocytoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3945. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3945
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yu, C.-F., Yang, Y.-C., Hong, J.-H., Chiang, C.-S. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3956: Combination of SPARC and radiation suppresses HSP27 and induces p21(CIP1/WAF1) in neuroblastoma tumor cells
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the third most common malignancy in children and accounts for more than 15% of cancer-related deaths in children in the US. Approximately 50% of patients present with advanced-stage and/or high risk disease. Despite significant intensification of conventional chemotherapy regimens, the long-term survival rates for these children remain less than 40%. A somewhat improved outcome has been obtained with multimodality therapeutic approaches including chemotherapy, surgery, autologous bone marrow transplantation, radiation therapy and use of biological agents. However, long-term survival rates for childre...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gondi, C. S., Tanpure, S., Antony, R., Fernandez, K. S., Guȷrati, M., Lin, J. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 2936: JNJ-47117096, a selective small molecule inhibitor of the MELK oncogene decreases DNA damage tolerance in highly proliferating cancer cells
Conclusion: Our data generated with JNJ-47117096, confirmed by selective siRNAs, indicate MELK as a key stimulator of proliferation and replication by its ability to increase the threshold for DNA damage tolerance. Targeting MELK function by selective small molecule inhibitors might sensitise tumors to DNA-damaging agents or radiation therapy. Citation Format: Lijs Beke, Joannes T.m. Linders, Cenk Kig, An Boeckx, Erika van Heerde, Dirk Wuyts, Marc Parade, Lieven Meerpoel, Chris Johnson, Monique Beullens, Mathieu Bollen, Dirk Brehmer. JNJ-47117096, a selective small molecule inhibitor of the MELK oncogene decreases DNA dama...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Beke, L., Linders, J. T. m., Kig, C., Boeckx, A., Heerde, E. v., Wuyts, D., Parade, M., Meerpoel, L., Johnson, C., Beullens, M., Bollen, M., Brehmer, D. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 2270: TRAIL-TZD combinatorial treatment induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through modulation of AMPK signaling pathway
In this study we determined AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a potential target for TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. AMPK is a family of serine/threonine protein kinase and is highly conserved from yeast to human. It consists of three subunits: a catalytic α subunit and regulatory β and γ subunits. AMPK is a well-accepted target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. We used C42-DN (stably overexpressing AMPK α1-dominant negative) and C42-EV (empty vector) prostate cancer cell lines to study differences in TRAIL-TZD-induced apoptosis. Our studies showed a dose dependent ...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Santha, S., Majumdar, S., Viswakarma, N., Rana, A., Rana, B. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 1031: Blockade of radiation-induced neuropilin-1 in glioblastoma cells impairs migration of endothelial cells
In this study, we show that the IR-induced NRP-1 role in the VEGFR-2 mediated signaling cascade promotes migration of endothelial cells. We observed that IR (8Gy) significantly elevated levels of VEGF and NRP-1 expression in 4910 and 5310 human GBM xenograft cells. Endothelial cells cultured on tumor- conditioned media from IR induced xenograft cells showed a significant increase in migration of endothelial cells; whereas, conditioned medium (CM) from NRP-1 knockdown xenograft cells inhibited IR-induced migration effects in endothelial cells. Further, CM from NRP-1 inhibited cells downregulated IR-induced expression of VEG...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Maddirela, D. R., Kesanakurti, D., Gogineni, V. R., Chetty, C. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Influence of secreted frizzled receptor protein 1 (SFRP1) on neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer does not rely on WNT signaling
Conclusion: We could firstly show that SFRP1 strongly correlates with the triple negative breast cancer subtype and secondly, that SFRP1 might be used as a marker stratifying patients to positively respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The mechanisms by which tumor suppressor SFRP1 influences carcinogenic properties of cancer cells do not rely on Wnt signaling, thereby demonstrating the complexity of tumor associated signaling pathways.
Source: Molecular Cancer - July 17, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Christof BernemannCarolin HülsewigChristian RuckertSarah SchäferLena BlümelGeorg HempelMartin GötteBurkhard GrevePeter BarthLudwig KieselCornelia Liedtke Source Type: research

MiR-224 expression increases radiation sensitivity of glioblastoma cells.
Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and highly aggressive primary malignant brain tumor. The intrinsic resistance of this brain tumor limits the efficacy of administered treatment like radiation therapy. In the present study, effect of miR-224 on growth characteristics of established GBM cell lines was analyzed. MiR-224 expression in the cell lines as well as primary GBM tumor tissues was found to be low. Exogenous transient expression of miR-224 using either synthetic mimics or stable inducible expression using doxycycline inducible lentiviral vector carrying miR-224 gene, was found to bring about 30-5...
Source: Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications - April 29, 2014 Category: Biochemistry Authors: Upraity S, Shaikh S, Padul V, Shirsat NV Tags: Biochem Biophys Res Commun Source Type: research

Novel treatment approaches for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
This study shows encouraging results from a phase I investigation of a regionally delivered siRNA that targets the K-rasG12D mutation. Investigation of novel approaches such as those presented here holds the greatest promise for improving treatment of this deadly disease. PMID: 24618426 [PubMed - in process]
Source: JOP - March 14, 2014 Category: Gastroenterology Authors: Gorovets D, Saif MW, Huber K Tags: JOP Source Type: research

Expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase linked to chemoradiation susceptibility of human colon cancer cells
Conclusion: Our overall results demonstrate that mPEPCK is a useful predictor of a response to chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.
Source: BMC Cancer - March 6, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Ji-Won ParkSeung KimWon KimJun HongKyung-Hee KimHyun YeoJae LeeM KimJong KimSe YangDae KimJae OhJae ChoByong Yoo Source Type: research

Acquired Tumor Cell Radiation Resistance at the Treatment Site Is Mediated Through Radiation-Orchestrated Intercellular Communication
Conclusions: Together, these data strongly suggest that scattered LDIR-induced NFκB-dependent TNF-α, IL-1α, cMYC, and SOD2 mediate radiation protection to the subsequent challenge dose in tumor cells.
Source: International Journal of Radiation Oncology * Biology * Physics - January 8, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Natarajan Aravindan, Sheeja Aravindan, Vijayabaskar Pandian, Faizan H. Khan, Satish Kumar Ramraj, Praveen Natt, Mohan Natarajan Tags: Biology Contributions Source Type: research