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Orally Administered Crocin Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Metabolic Transformation of Crocetin by Gut Microbiota
Conclusion Collectively, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic association studies provide evidence that the gut microbiota plays a vital role in the fate of crocin and crocetin in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the cross-interaction between gut microbiota and crocin might mediate the activation of the cerebral-protective effect of orally administered crocin. Ethics Statement This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of ‘Institutional Animal Research Committee guidelines, Animal Ethics Committee of China Pharmaceutical University.’ The protocol was approved by the ‘An...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 29, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Cannabinoid pharmacology in cancer research: A new hope for cancer patients?
Abstract Cannabinoids have been used for many centuries to ease pain and in the past decade, the endocannabinoid system has been implicated in a number of pathophysiological conditions, such as mood and anxiety disorders, movement disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's disease, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertension, glaucoma, obesity, and osteoporosis. Several studies have demonstrated that cannabinoids also have anti-cancer activity and as cannabinoids are usually well tolerated and do not produce the typical toxic effects of...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - February 4, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Javid FA, Phillips RM, Afshinjavid S, Verde R, Ligresti A Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research

Safety of medical treatments for endometriosis.
Authors: Berlanda N, Somigliana E, Viganò P, Vercellini P Abstract INTRODUCTION: All medical treatments for endometriosis are equally effective in relieving pain. However, all of them alleviate pain symptoms for as long as they are used, but pain always relapses when medication is discontinued. Therefore, medications need to be used in the long term. AREAS COVERED: Formulations of estro-progestins that contain less than 50 µg of estrogen are associated with a low risk of venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction and stroke. When considering the neoplastic effects, data suggest that the overall risk of invasiv...
Source: Expert Opinion on Drug Safety - February 17, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Expert Opin Drug Saf Source Type: research

Health status correlates of malnutrition in the polish elderly population - Results of the Polsenior Study.
CONCLUSIONS: PNS in Polish elderly population is strongly related to the occurrence of symptoms of depression. People in advanced age with symptoms of depression, cognitive impairment, multimorbidity, anaemia and total edentulism should be screened and monitored for early symptoms of malnutrition. PMID: 27874939 [PubMed - in process]
Source: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences - November 24, 2016 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Tags: Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci Source Type: research

Connecting Metainflammation and Neuroinflammation Through the PTN-MK-RPTP β/ζ Axis: Relevance in Therapeutic Development
Conclusion The expression of the components of the PTN-MK-RPTPβ/ζ axis in immune cells and in inflammatory diseases suggests important roles for this axis in inflammation. Pleiotrophin has been recently identified as a limiting factor of metainflammation, a chronic pathological state that contributes to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pleiotrophin also seems to potentiate acute neuroinflammation independently of the inflammatory stimulus while MK seems to play different -even opposite- roles in acute neuroinflammation depending on the stimulus. Which are the functions of MK and PTN in chronic neuroi...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Plant-Derived Alkaloids: The Promising Disease-Modifying Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Conclusion This paper summarizes the current findings regarding the anti-colitis activity of plant-derived alkaloids and shows how these alkaloids exhibit significant and beneficial effects in alleviating colonic inflammation. These natural alkaloids are not only promising agents for IBD treatment but are also components for developing new wonder drugs. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms or toxicological evaluation of most plant-derived alkaloids still require much scientific research, and their actual efficacies for IBD patients have not been verified well in field research. Thus, further clinical trials to elu...
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - April 11, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Role of flavonoids in thrombotic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases
AbstractThe failure of mechanisms of natural anti-coagulation either due to genetic impairment or due to severe external injuries may result in a condition called thrombosis. This is believed to be the primary cause for a variety of life-threatening conditions such as: heart attack, stroke, pulmonary embolism, thrombophlebitis, and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The growing number of these incidents requires an alternative anti-coagulant or anti-thrombotic agent that has minimal side effects and improved efficiency. For decades, plant polyphenols, especially flavonoids, were known for their vital role in preventing various ...
Source: Inflammopharmacology - July 14, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Mitoxantrone, pixantrone and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine are toll-like receptor 4 antagonists, inhibit NF- κB activation, and decrease TNF-alpha secretion in primary microglia.
This study thus identifies a new mechanism of action for mitoxantrone, pixantrone, and mitoxantrone (2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine through the TLR4. PMID: 32730846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences - July 26, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rinne M, Mätlik K, Ahonen T, Vedovi F, Zappia G, Moreira VM, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Leino S, Salminen O, Kalso E, Airavaara M, Xhaard H Tags: Eur J Pharm Sci Source Type: research

The Pharmacological Action of Kaempferol in Central Nervous System Diseases: A Review
In conclusion, we suggest that KPF and some glycosylated derivatives (KPF-3-O-rhamnoside, KPF-3-O-glucoside, KPF-7-O-rutinoside, and KPF-4′-methyl ether) have a multipotential neuroprotective action in CNS diseases, and further studies may make the KPF effect mechanisms in those pathologies clearer. Future in vivo studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of KPF action in CNS diseases as well as the impact of glycosylation on KPF bioactivity.
Source: Frontiers in Pharmacology - January 13, 2021 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Adipocytokines: Emerging therapeutic targets for pain management
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Mar 10;149:112813. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112813. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAlthough pain has lower mortality rates than cancer, diabetes and stroke, pain is a predominate source of distress and disability. However, the management of pain remains an enormous problem. Many drugs used to pain treatment have more or less side effects. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic target is critical for the treatment of pain. Notably, studies have shown that adipocytokines have a dual role in pain. Growing shreds of evidence shows that the levels of adipocytokines are upregulated or downregu...
Source: Biomedicine and pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine and pharmacotherapie - March 13, 2022 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Shao-Jie Gao Dai-Qiang Liu Dan-Yang Li Jia Sun Long-Qing Zhang Jia-Yi Wu Fan-He Song Ya-Qun Zhou Wei Mei Source Type: research

New paradigms in purinergic receptor ligand discovery
Neuropharmacology. 2023 Mar 13:109503. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109503. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe discovery and clinical implementation of modulators of adenosine, P2Y and P2X receptors have progressed dramatically in ∼50 years since Burnstock's definition of purinergic signaling. Although most clinical trials of selective ligands (agonists and antagonists) of these nineteen receptors failed, there is a renewed impetus to redirect efforts to new disease conditions and the discovery of more selective or targeted compounds with potentially reduced side effects, such as biased GPCR agonists. The elucidation of...
Source: Neuropharmacology - March 15, 2023 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kenneth A Jacobson Balaram Pradhan Zhiwei Wen Asmita Pramanik Source Type: research