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Rationale for combined therapies in severe-to-critical COVID-19 patients
An unprecedented global social and economic impact as well as a significant number of fatalities have been brought on by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection can, in certain situations, cause immunological abnormalities, leading to an anomalous innate and adaptive immune response. While most patients only experience mild symptoms and recover without the need for mechanical ventilation, a substantial percentage of those who are affected develop severe respiratory illness, which can be fatal. The absence of effective ...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 11, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Heterologous DNA-prime/protein-boost immunization with a monomeric SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen redundantizes the trimeric receptor-binding domain structure to induce neutralizing antibodies in old mice
A multitude of alterations in the old immune system impair its functional integrity. Closely related, older individuals show, for example, a reduced responsiveness to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. However, systematic strategies to specifically improve the efficacy of vaccines in the old are missing or limited to simple approaches like increasing the antigen concentration or injection frequencies. We here asked whether the intrinsic, trimeric structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antigen and/or a DNA- or protein-based antigen delivery platform affects priming of functional antibody r...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 11, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Unleashing the power of shark variable single domains (VNARs): broadly neutralizing tools for combating SARS-CoV-2
The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) generated a joint global effort to develop vaccines and other treatments that could mitigate the negative effects and the rapid spread of the virus. Single-domain antibodies derived from various sources, including cartilaginous fish, camelids, and humans, have gained attention as promising therapeutic tools against coronavirus disease 2019. Shark-derived variable new antigen receptors (VNARs) have emerged as the smallest naturally occurring antigen-binding molecules. Here, we compile and review recent published studies on VNARs with the...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - September 11, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1905: Special Issue & ldquo;Advances in Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants & rdquo;
Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1905: Special Issue “Advances in Antiviral Agents against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants” Viruses doi: 10.3390/v15091905 Authors: Francesca Esposito Rolando Cannalire Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with 770 million reported cases and around 7 million deaths, represents the worst pandemic in the last 100 years [...]
Source: Viruses - September 10, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Francesca Esposito Rolando Cannalire Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Viruses, Vol. 15, Pages 1904: Liver Involvement during SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Associated with a Worse Respiratory Outcome in COVID-19 Patients
In conclusion, liver abnormalities on admission predisposed COVID-19 patients to development of more severe interstitial pneumonia, because of a longer requirement for supplemental oxygen and a more intensive respiratory support, indicative of a worse disease evolution in these patients.
Source: Viruses - September 10, 2023 Category: Virology Authors: Ciro Romano Domenico Cozzolino Riccardo Nevola Marianna Abitabile Caterina Carusone Francesca Cinone Giovanna Cuomo Francesco Nappo Ausilia Sellitto Giuseppina Rosaria Umano Luigi Elio Adinolfi Aldo Marrone Luca Rinaldi Tags: Article Source Type: research

Point-of-care testing for viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2023 Sep 9. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2257597. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION: Over the last years, severe respiratory viral infections, particularly those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the influenza virus, have emerged as risk factor for viral-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (VAPA) among critically ill patients. Delays in diagnosis of VAPA are associated with increased mortality. Point-of-care-tests may play an important role in earlier diagnosis of VAPA and thus improve patient outcomes.AREAS COVERED: The following review will give an upda...
Source: Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics - September 9, 2023 Category: Laboratory Medicine Authors: Robina Aerts Brice Autier Maximilian Gornicec Juergen Prattes Katrien Lagrou Jean-Pierre Gangneux Martin Hoenigl Source Type: research

Should I get a COVID-19 booster?
On 12 September, a vaccine advisory group to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) once again will wrestle with the question of who in the United States should receive a booster shot to protect against COVID-19. As several new variants and an uptick in COVID-19 hospitalization fuel concerns among some health officials and the public, three companies have made new COVID-19 vaccines that can be used as a booster (or as primary doses for the unvaccinated). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is expected to approve at least one of these latest iterations before Tuesday’s meeting of CDC’s Advisory Com...
Source: Science of Aging Knowledge Environment - September 8, 2023 Category: Geriatrics Source Type: research

USE OF RECOMBINANT S1 PROTEIN WITH hFc FOR ANALYSIS OF SARS-COV-2 ADSORPTION AND EVALUATION OF DRUGS THAT INHIBIT ENTRY INTO VERO E6 CELLS
Immunol Lett. 2023 Sep 6:S0165-2478(23)00145-1. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.09.002. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe significant number of deaths and cases of infection by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 requires an urgent demand for effective and available drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.However, the need for biosafety level 3 (NB-3) laboratories for experiments with the virus has made it very difficult for such research to meet this demand. It is known that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), located on the surface of host cells, is the viral receptor for the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2. This protein is a tetra...
Source: Immunology Letters - September 8, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: J éssica Carla Martins Couto Ta ís Vidal Eduardo Reichert Decker Janio M Santurio Carlos Fernando de Mello Micheli Mainardi Pillat Source Type: research

A fully integrated duplex RT-LAMP device for the detection of viral infections
In this study, we showed and evaluated a prototype of a microfluidic system, and showed that duplex RT-LAMP can detect and distinguish between the two viruses, with LoDs of 2,000 copies/ml for bovine coronavirus and 200 copies/ml for influenza A/X-31 virus.PMID:37682413 | DOI:10.1007/s10544-023-00676-w
Source: Biomedical Microdevices - September 8, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Nicolas Mytzka Skaiste Arbaciauskaite Natalia Sandetskaya Kai Mattern Dirk Kuhlmeier Source Type: research

Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Effect of Cannabidiol Against Enveloped and Nonenveloped Viruses
Conclusions: It was demonstrated that CBD inhibits structurally dissimilar viruses, suggesting that this phytochemical has broad-spectrum antiviral effect, representing a valuable alternative in emergency situations during viral outbreaks, like the one caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in 2020.PMID:37682578 | DOI:10.1089/can.2023.0103
Source: Cell Research - September 8, 2023 Category: Cytology Authors: Agostina B Marquez Josefina Vicente Eliana Castro Daiana Vota Mar ía S Rodríguez-Varela Priscila A Lanza Castronuovo Giselle M Fuentes Alejandro R Parise Leonardo Romorini Diego E Alvarez Carlos A Bueno Cristina L Ramirez Agustina Alaimo Cybele C Garc à Source Type: research

Discovery of new non-covalent and covalent inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease and main protease
In this report, we identified [1,2]selenazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3(2H)-one and benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one as attractive scaffolds of PLpro and Mpro inhibitors. The representative compounds 6c and 7e exhibited excellent PLpro inhibition with percent inhibition of 42.9% and 44.9% at 50 nM, respectively. The preliminary enzyme kinetics experiment and fluorescent labelling experiment results determined that 6c was identified as a covalent PLpro inhibitor, while 7e was a non-covalent inhibitor. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that 6c and 7e bound to Zn-finger domain of PLpro. Compounds 6c and 7e were also ident...
Source: Bioorganic Chemistry - September 8, 2023 Category: Chemistry Authors: Wandong Liu Juan Wang Suyun Wang Kairui Yue Yu Hu Xiaochun Liu Lihao Wang Shengbiao Wan Ximing Xu Source Type: research

A fully integrated duplex RT-LAMP device for the detection of viral infections
In this study, we showed and evaluated a prototype of a microfluidic system, and showed that duplex RT-LAMP can detect and distinguish between the two viruses, with LoDs of 2,000 copies/ml for bovine coronavirus and 200 copies/ml for influenza A/X-31 virus.PMID:37682413 | PMC:PMC10491696 | DOI:10.1007/s10544-023-00676-w
Source: Biomedical Microdevices - September 8, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Authors: Nicolas Mytzka Skaiste Arbaciauskaite Natalia Sandetskaya Kai Mattern Dirk Kuhlmeier Source Type: research