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Urinary Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Dogs and Cats
A variety of urinary markers of the renal disease show promise for the identification of glomerular and tubular damage and monitoring treatment. Most of the markers are currently not widely available, and all could benefit from further study. This review summarizes recent studies on urinary biomarkers of renal disease in dogs and cats. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Mary Nabity, Jessica Hokamp Source Type: research

Digital Cytology
Microscopic evaluation of cytologic specimens can provide rapid diagnostic information and aid in formulating diagnostic and treatment plans. The primary benefit of cytologic evaluation is the rapid collection, processing, and evaluation of samples. However, physical transport of glass slides and body fluids to a diagnostic laboratory takes time and can negatively affect patient management. Digital cytology allows specimens to be processed in the clinic and immediately sent to pathologists. With technology becoming more affordable, digital cytology is revolutionizing the field of clinical pathology and patient care. (Sourc...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Julie Piccione, Kate Baker Source Type: research

Flow Cytometry in Veterinary Practice
This article summarizes the current applications of flow cytometry in clinical veterinary medicine, which is largely restricted to  the diagnosis of hematopoietic neoplasms (lymphomas and leukemias) of domestic dogs, cats, and horses. A brief background on the technique of flow cytometry and fundamentals of data interpretation are included. Major emphasis is placed on clinical indications for flow cytometry, principles of sam ple collection and submission, and awareness of diagnostic and prognostic utility. Expectations regarding both the benefits and limitations of flow cytometry in a clinical setting, and its complemen...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Samantha J.M. Evans Source Type: research

Diagnosing Multiple Myeloma and Related Disorders
This review provides current information on myeloma-related disorders, a group of plasma cell or immunoglobulin (Ig) secreting neoplasms including multiple myeloma, extramedullary plasmacytoma (both cutaneous and noncutaneous variants), solitary osseous plasmacytoma, Waldenstr öm macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, Ig-secretory B-cell lymphoma, plasma cell leukemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. The diagnostic procedures commonly used to characterize myeloma-related disorders, including cytopathology, histopathology, polymerase chain r eaction for antigen receptor rearrangement, flow cy...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: A Russell Moore Source Type: research

Histiocytic Diseases
Canine cutaneous histiocytomas originate from Langerhans cells. Multiple histiocytomas are referred to as cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Feline pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis causes respiratory failure owing to extensive lung infiltration. Localized and disseminated histiocytic sarcomas usually arise from interstitial dendritic cells. Primary sites include spleen, lung, skin, brain (meninges), lymph node, bone marrow, and synovial tissues of limbs. An initially indolent form of localized histiocytic sarcomas, progressive histiocytosis, originates in the skin of cats. Hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcomas o...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Peter F. Moore Source Type: research

Cytomorphology of Deep Mycoses in Dogs and Cats
The purpose of this review is to familiarize clinical pathologists and clinicians with the cytomorphologic features associated with deep mycoses in dogs and cats. The goals are to develop a more unified approach to the description and interpretation of fungal cytomorphology and to facilitate the categorization of fungi that do not produce unique morphologic structures in tissue. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Shannon D. Dehghanpir Source Type: research

Toxicology Case Presentations
Owners are often not aware that some common household products, medications, and plants are toxic to dogs and cats. Six cases of toxicoses due to ingestion of xylitol, amatoxin-containing mushrooms, anticoagulant rodenticide, zinc, vitamin D, and lily are presented with typical clinical and laboratory data findings. Changes in the laboratory data are explained in the context of the mechanism of action of the toxin and the organ systems affected. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: M. Judith Radin, Maxey L. Wellman Source Type: research

Acid –Base
In clinical medicine, evaluation of acid –base balance can be a valuable diagnostic and monitoring tool. Blood gas machines need very small volumes of blood and provide immediate results, making them ideal for use in the emergency room and intensive care setting. This review outlines the stepwise approach to assessment of acid–base bal ance in dogs, common causes of acid–base abnormalities, and the general approach to treatment. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Kate Hopper Source Type: research

Point-of-Care Instruments
Point-of-care testing, or testing done near the patient, allows for rapid results that can theoretically improve patient care and client satisfaction. The value of these results relies on high-quality laboratory practices, including an understanding of the technology by users. Herein is a brief review of point-of-care testing for biochemistry, hematology, coagulation, blood gas analysis, glucometers, and urinalysis, along with available technology with a focus on what information these analyzers can and cannot provide. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Jere K. Stern, Melinda S. Camus Source Type: research

A Primer for the Evaluation of Bone Marrow
This article is a primer for understanding key features of bone marrow evaluation and provides practical tips for developing the best practices for optimal patient care. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Joanne Belle Messick Source Type: research

Laboratory Testing in Transfusion Medicine
Canine and feline transfusions are life-saving procedures that have become increasingly common in veterinary medicine. Laboratory testing plays a vital role in transfusion medicine, particularly in the prevention and diagnosis of transfusion reactions. Laboratory tests should be used to screen donors for their general health and for the presence of any blood-borne pathogens. Pretransfusion blood typing and compatibility testing make immunologic reactions less likely, and commercial typing and crossmatching kits are now available. Appropriate diagnostic tests in the face of a potential transfusion reaction are important to ...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Katherine Jane Wardrop, Elizabeth Brooks Davidow Source Type: research

Laboratory Diagnosis of Thyroid and Adrenal Disease
Diagnosis of thyroid and adrenal disease can be confusing. Whereas the definitive diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism are relatively straightforward, hypothyroidism and naturally occurring Cushing ’s syndrome (NOCS) are more complicated. In a patient with compatible clinical signs, a single increased tT4 is enough to confirm hyperthyroidism, but a low tT4 alone is never enough to confirm hypothyroidism. A flatline result (post-stimulation cortisol (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - October 18, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Patty Lathan Source Type: research

Wearable Devices in Veterinary Health Care
This article reviews the current and prospective wearable technology for veterinary patients and the future of wearables in veterinary medicine. These devices allow veterinarians to monitor a patient ’s vital signs remotely, in addition to other variables, and push the profession away from a reactive health-care system toward a proactive culture that is able to identify diseases earlier. Advances in this technology have the potential to profoundly change the way veterinarians obtain and use pa tient data to practice medicine. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - September 1, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Ashley Mitek, Dylan Jones, Andrew Newell, Samantha Vitale Source Type: research

Telehealth in Hospice and Palliative Care
Hospice and palliative care is a framework of care focused on the palliation of a patient ’s pain and symptoms while attending to the emotional and spiritual needs of the client caregiver. Telehospice and telepalliative care is the use of telehealth services for delivering hospice and palliative care to patients remotely through videoconferencing, telephonic communication, or remote sy mptom monitoring and can address the needs of both patients and clients. Telehealth-based interventions can provide hospice and palliative care providers the ability to assess and address patient care needs including the delivery of effect...
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - September 1, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Shea Cox Source Type: research

Asynchronous Veterinary Telemedicine
This article reviews how veterinary medicine has used asynchronous communication in the past, the advantages of asynchronous telemedicine, and the inclusion of the client in virtual referral. (Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice)
Source: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice - September 1, 2022 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: Aaron Smiley Source Type: research