Potential use of corneal confocal microscopy in the diagnosis of Parkinson ’s disease associated neuropathy
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting about 2–3% of population above the age of 65. In recent years, Parkinson’s research has mainly focused on motor and non-motor symptoms while there are limited studies on neurodegeneration which is associated with bal ance problems and increased incidence of falls. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is a real-time, non-invasive, in vivo ophthalmic imaging technique for quantifying nerve damage in peripheral neuropathies and central neurodegenerative disorders. CCM has shown significantly lower corneal nerve fiber density (CN...
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - July 1, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Downregulated miR-18b-5p triggers apoptosis by inhibition of calcium signaling and neuronal cell differentiation in transgenic SOD1 (G93A) mice and SOD1 (G17S and G86S) ALS patients
ConclusionsOur data indicate that SOD1 mutation decreases miR-18b-5p, which sequentially regulates Hif1 α, Mef2c, miR-206, Mctp1 and Rarb in fALS-linked SOD1 mutation. These results provide new insights into the downregulation of miR-18b-5p dependent pathogenic mechanisms of ALS. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - June 30, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Altered levels of CSF proteins in patients with FTD, presymptomatic mutation carriers and non-carriers
ConclusionIn this pilot study, we show a separation of FTD patients from unaffected individuals based on protein levels in CSF. Further investigation is required to explore the CSF profiles in larger cohorts, but the results presented here has the potential to enable future clinical utilization of these potential biomarkers within FTD. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - June 22, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Upregulation of RIN3 induces endosomal dysfunction in Alzheimer ’s disease
ConclusionRIN3 is significantly upregulated and correlated with endosomal dysfunction in APP/PS1 mouse. Through interacting with BIN1 and CD2AP, increased RIN3 expression alters axonal trafficking and procession of APP. Together with our previous studies, our current work has thus provided important insights into the role of RIN3 in regulating endosomal signaling and trafficking. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - June 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction: GM604 regulates developmental neurogenesis pathways and the expression of genes associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - June 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The human olfactory system in two proteinopathies: Alzheimer ’s and Parkinson’s diseases
AbstractAlzheimer ’s and Parkinson’s diseases are the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Their etiologies are idiopathic, and treatments are symptomatic and orientated towards cognitive or motor deficits. Neuropathologically, both are proteinopathies with pathological aggregates (plaques of amyloid-β pe ptide and neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease, and Lewy bodies mostly composed of α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease). These deposits appear in the nervous system in a predictable and accumulative sequence with six neuropathological stages. Both disorders present a lon g prodroma...
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - June 2, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation
AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the formation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are important factors contributing to the development of brain disease. Ample evidence suggests mitochondria are a promising target for neuroprotection. Recently, methods targeting mitochondria have been considered as potential approaches for treatment of brain disease through the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative injury. This review will discuss two widely studied approaches for the improvement of brain mitochondrial respiration, methylene blue (MB) and photobiomodulation (PBM). MB is a widely st...
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - May 31, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The compensatory phenomenon of the functional connectome related to pathological biomarkers in individuals with subjective cognitive decline
ConclusionThe findings of this study provide insight into the compensatory mechanism of the functional connectome underlying SCD. The proposed classification method highlights the potential of connectome-based metrics for the identification of the preclinical stage of AD. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - May 26, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improves cognitive deficits and alleviates neuropathology in animal models of Alzheimer ’s disease: a meta-analytic review on potential mechanisms
ConclusionsMultiple signal pathways involve therapeutic mechanisms by which the transplantation of BMMSCs improves cognitive and behavioral deficits in AD models. Gene expression profile can be utilized to establish statistical regression model for the evaluation of therapeutic effect. The transplantation of autologous BMMSCs maybe a prospective therapy for patients with Alzheimer ’s disease. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - May 26, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Paroxetine ameliorates prodromal emotional dysfunction and late-onset memory deficit in Alzheimer ’s disease mice
ConclusionOur data indicate that prophylactic administration of paroxetine ameliorates the emotional dysfunction and memory deficit in AD mice. These neuroprotective effects are attributable to functional restoration of glutamate receptor (GluN2A) in AD mice. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - May 11, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The emerging roles of vacuolar-type ATPase-dependent Lysosomal acidification in neurodegenerative diseases
ConclusionV-ATPase complex is a universal proton pump and plays an important role in lysosome acidification in all types of cells. Since V-ATPase dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, further understanding the mechanisms that regulate the canonical and non-canonical functions of V-ATPase will reveal molecular details of disease process and help assess V-ATPase or molecules related to its regulation as therapeutic targets. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - May 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Peripheral clearance of brain-derived A β in Alzheimer's disease: pathophysiology and therapeutic perspectives
AbstractAlzheimer ’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and no disease-modifying treatments are available to halt or slow its progression. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is suggested to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD, and clearance of Aβ from the brain becomes a main therapeutic strategy for AD. Recent studies found that Aβ clearance in the periphery contributes substantially to reducing Aβ accumulation in the brain. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of how Aβ is cleared in the periphery is important for the development of effective therapies for AD. In this review, we summarized re cent findin...
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - May 6, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
CSF total and oligomeric α-Synuclein along with TNF-α as risk biomarkers for Parkinson’s disease: a study in LRRK2 mutation carriers
ConclusionsThe current study suggests that CSF t-, o- α-syn and TNF-α are candidate risk biomarkers for the detection of PD at the prodromal stage. Our findings also highlight the dynamic interrelationships between CSF proteins and the importance of using a biomarkers’ panel approach for an accurate and timely diagnosis of PD. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - May 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Effectiveness and safety of opicapone in Parkinson ’s disease patients with motor fluctuations: the OPTIPARK open-label study
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - April 27, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Human iPSCs derived astrocytes rescue rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in vitro by donating functional mitochondria
ConclusionsOur studies provide the proof of principle that iPSCs-derived astrocytes can act as mitochondria donor to the injured DA neurons and attenuate pathology. Using iPSCs derived astrocytes as a donor can provide a novel strategy that can be further developed for cellular therapy for PD. (Source: Translational Neurodegeneration)
Source: Translational Neurodegeneration - April 23, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
