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Clinical presentation and evaluation of pelvic venous disorders in women
The term pelvic venous disorders (PeVD) describes a group of related clinical entities with overlapping clinical presentations that were previously characterized by separate imprecise syndromic terminology. The clinical manifestations of PeVD may variously include chronic pelvic pain; pelvic origin extra-pelvic lower extremity and genital varices; lower extremity pain and swelling; and left flank pain and hematuria. This manuscript focuses on the primary manifestations of PeVD in women – chronic pelvic pain and pelvic origin lower extremity and vulvar varices – and will review the underlying pathophysiology and related...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - April 15, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Neil M. Khilnani, Ronald S. Winokur, Kim L. Scherer, Mark H. Meissner Source Type: research

Nutcracker Syndrome: How to diagnose it and when / how should it be treated in the Pelvic Venous Disease population.
First described anatomically by Grant in 1937, compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) anteriorly and abdominal aorta posteriorly was said to resemble a nut within the grips of a nutcracker (1) (Fig 1). It was not until some 35 years later that this relationship was documented radiographically with venography (2). The first published report of a patient with so-called “nutcracker syndrome” (NCS) was authored by El-Sadr in a manuscript regarding the anatomical and surgical aspects of varicocele, highlighting the close relationship of NCS and pelvic venous disease (PeVD) (3)....
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - April 15, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Jesse Chait, Indrani Sen, Manju Kalra Source Type: research

Uterine Artery Embolization for Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common source of morbidity and mortality for delivering mothers worldwide, resulting in greater than 100,000 deaths per annum. Pathologic postpartum hemorrhage is defined as blood loss greater than 500 mL for vaginal deliveries and 1,000 mL for caesarean births, which occurs in up to 10% of deliveries. Severe postpartum hemorrhage can progress to shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and death. PPH is further characterized by time of onset; primary PPH occurs within 24 hours of parturition, and secondary PPH beyond that. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - April 15, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Matthew Brown, Michael Hong, Jonathan Lindquist Source Type: research

Imaging of Pelvic Venous Disorders (PeVD); Should every patient get an MRI?
Pelvic venous disease (PeVD) is part of the broad differential diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain with a challenging diagnosis and clinical workup to identify those patients that are most likely to benefit from intervention. Ultrasound, MRI, CT, venography, and intravascular ultrasound can all provide information to aid in the diagnostic algorithm. The purpose of this article is to review imaging as a component of the outpatient workup of patients with chronic pelvic pain to guide appropriate understanding and use of imaging modalities to accurately identify patients suffering from PeVD. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and I...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - April 15, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Stephen R. Topper, Ronald S. Winokur Source Type: research

Ovarian Vein Embolization: How and when should it be done?
Pelvic Venous Disease (PeVD) is characterized by pelvic varicosities and chronic pelvic pain, defined as noncyclic pelvic pain that persists for more than 6 months. Pain and discomfort related to PeVD typically worsen with upright positioning and occur more frequently in multiparous and premenopausal women. The most common cause of PeVD is pelvic venous insufficiency (PVI) due to incompetent valves. Noninvasive imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging, and invasive catheter-based venography can help characterize varicosities and venous insufficiency, supporting the diagnosis...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - April 15, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Maria Joh, Simer Grewal, Ramona Gupta, Chicago Illinois, Ramona Gupta Source Type: research

Iliac Vein Stenosis: Is the Data Strong Enough for Stenting in the Young Pelvic Venous Disorders (PeVD) Population?
Iliac vein stenosis is a clinical condition resulting from external compression of the iliocaval venous unit with the consequent remodeling of the vascular wall, hemodynamic alterations, and predisposition to venous thrombosis. As such, the most common indications for percutaneous endovascular iliac vein stenting supported by the literature, include the management of thrombotic and non-thrombotic iliac venous lesions associated with advanced chronic venous disease (CVD). However, its clinical presentation is variable, and it may also include features associated with PeVD such as chronic pelvic pain, perineal heaviness, uri...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - April 15, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Oleksandra Kutsenko, Yuko McColgan, Gloria Salazar Source Type: research

Interventional Radiologist's Approach to Fallopian Tube Recanalization
Fallopian tube obstruction (FTO) is a common cause of female infertility. In the setting of proximal FTO, fallopian tube recanalization (FTR) is a minimally invasive, ambulatory procedure with a technical success rate of up to 100%, with minimal post-procedural adverse events. One-year pregnagy rate following FTR is approximately 41%, with successful delivery of full-term infants in 84% of pregnancies. This minimally invasive, outpatient, image-guided procedure is an alternative to vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and should be top-of-mind in the setting of infertility due to proximal F...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - April 15, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Maureen P. Kohi Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - March 1, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Publisher Note: Announcing the Appointment of Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology's new Co-Editor-in-Chief
Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology (TVIR) is pleased to announce our new Co-Editor-in-Chief, Janice M. Newsome, M.D., F.S.I.R. As of January 1, 2021, Dr. Newsome will succeed James F. Benenati, M.D. Dr. Benenati served as Co-Editor for 6 years, since 2015, and has been an editorial board member since the Journal's first published volume in 1998. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - February 8, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Publisher Note
(Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - February 8, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - December 1, 2020 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Interventional Cryoneurolysis: An Illustrative Approach
The application of advanced imaging guidance and the interventional radiology skill set has expanded the breadth of nerve and nerve plexus targets in the body for potential cryoneurolysis. Advancement of the basic science supporting cryoneurolysis has further solidified proceduralists ’ confidence and ability to select and manage patients clinically. As these procedures continue to evolve, a structured approach to the wide variety of indications is necessary. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - October 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: J. David Prologo, Faramarz Edalat, Mohamad Moussa Source Type: research

Interventional Cryoneurolysis: An Illustrative Approach.
The application of advanced imaging guidance and the interventional radiology skill set has expanded the breadth of nerve and nerve plexus targets in the body for potential cryoneurolysis. Advancement of the basic science supporting cryoneurolysis has further solidified proceduralists ’ confidence and ability to select and manage patients clinically. As these procedures continue to evolve, a structured approach to the wide variety of indications is necessary. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - October 14, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: J. David Prologo, Faramarz Edalat, Mohamad Moussa Source Type: research

Non-neoplastic Disease Outside the Spine —Genicular Artery Embolization and Adhesive Capsulitis Embolization
Initial research into the treatment of pain secondary to knee osteoarthritis and shoulder adhesive capsulitis with embolization have yielded promising results. With further investigation, embolization may become a mainstay of treatment for pain from these two conditions. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - October 13, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: Abin Sajan, Sandeep Bagla, Ari Isaacson Source Type: research

Non-Neoplastic Disease Outside the Spine – GAE and ACE
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, disabling joint disease with an estimated rate of 33.6% in adults age 65 and older.1, 2 The lifetime risk of developing symptomatic knee OA is around 45% which can increase up to 61% in obese patients.3 The expected increase in symptomatic OA with an aging population and increasing obesity has been confirmed by recent studies showing a 5% increase in OA in the past 20 years.4 Treatment options for OA start with pharmacological management and culminate with surgical therapies like total knee arthroplasty. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - October 13, 2020 Category: Radiology Authors: Abin Sajan, Sandeep Bagla, Ari Isaacson Source Type: research