Nutcracker Syndrome: How to diagnose it and when / how should it be treated in the Pelvic Venous Disease population.

First described anatomically by Grant in 1937, compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) anteriorly and abdominal aorta posteriorly was said to resemble a nut within the grips of a nutcracker (1) (Fig 1). It was not until some 35 years later that this relationship was documented radiographically with venography (2). The first published report of a patient with so-called “nutcracker syndrome” (NCS) was authored by El-Sadr in a manuscript regarding the anatomical and surgical aspects of varicocele, highlighting the close relationship of NCS and pelvic venous disease (PeVD) (3).
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - Category: Radiology Authors: Source Type: research