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Osteoplasty, Fixation, and Ablations in Peripheral Bones: It is Time for Interventional Radiologists to Move Forward
Bone metastases occur in about 40% of all patients with cancer. This substantial proportion reflects the significant challenge faced by patients and clinicians as well as the need for treatment advancements, particularly since life expectancy has increased due to the introduction of precision medicine. The primary goal of treatment of these patients is to alleviate symptoms while the secondary goal is to maintain or restore patient function. As patients often experience pain with conservative management of this condition, which impacts quality of life and can lead to reduced mobility, depression, and anxiety, interventiona...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - January 15, 2022 Category: Radiology Authors: Francois H. Cornelis, Stephen B. Solomon, Muneeb Ahmed Source Type: research

Editorial Board
(Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - December 1, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Transjugular Liver Biopsy
Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) was first performed in 1970 and has since become a standard procedure in interventional radiology practices. TJLB can be used when a percutaneous liver biopsy is contraindicated, such as patients with ascites, coagulopathy, congenital clotting disorders or for patients undergoing concurrent evaluation for portal hypertension. While TJLB specimens tend to be smaller with less complete portal triads numerous studies have shown the samples to be adequate for diagnosis and staging. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - November 12, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Claire S. Kaufman, Max Cretcher Source Type: research

Introduction
Biopsies have become an integral part of all medicine with interventional radiology playing an key role. As mentioned in the introduction of the first issue, the indications for biopsy have expanded to include histology, cytology, microbiology, genetic testing, and molecular profiling. That two issues of TVIR have been dedicated to image guided biopsies, highlights this importance and allows for a comprehensive discussion. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - October 16, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Claire Kaufman Source Type: research

Image-guided percutaneous biopsy of the liver
Percutaneous biopsy of the liver (PBL) is a cornerstone in the diagnosis of parenchymal liver disease and focal hepatic lesions. The indications for PBL can broadly be divided into those used to garner information regarding diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment. While the diagnosis of many common liver diseases can usually be made with imaging and serologic testing alone, PBL may be indicated in situations where the diagnosis is in question. Furthermore, liver biopsies are a foundational element for personalized treatment approaches for cancer patients; increasing emphasis is being placed on acquiring sufficient tissue for mo...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - October 3, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Ather Adnan, Rahul A. Sheth Source Type: research

Ultrasound Guided Core Breast Biopsies
Core needle biopsies are common procedures performed in breast imaging centers. Utilizing ultrasound guidance for biopsy of suspicious findings is the standard of care when lesions are visible on ultrasound. Most ultrasound guided breast biopsies are performed by radiologists interpreting breast imaging who correlate findings across modalities including mammography, ultrasound and breast MRI, however interventional radiologists may perform in some practice settings. Appropriate knowledge of complete breast imaging is important not only for localization, but for determining radiologic-pathologic concordance. (Source: Techni...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - October 2, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Nicole S Winkler Source Type: research

Image-Guided Targeted Prostate Biopsies
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in the United States. Screening for prostate cancer has increased through the usage of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and biopsies. Traditionally, prostate biopsies are done using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) with 10-12 cores obtained in a sextant pattern. Advances in prostate imaging with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging has led to the image guided targeted prostate biopsies. This can be done with cognitive fusion, MRI-fusion and in-bore MRI. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 28, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Claire S. Kaufman, Alejandro Sanchez, Raj Ayyagari Source Type: research

Image Guided Bone Marrow Biopsy
This article will review the patient work-up and considerations, as well as technique for performing both computer tomography (CT) and fluoroscopic guided bone marrow biopsies. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Claire S. Kaufman, Keith T. Kuo, Keshav Anand Source Type: research

Introduction
Obtaining tissue for a diagnosis is rooted deep in medical history. The earliest description is by an Arab physician Albucasis (936-1013) who described a procedure that resembles fine needle aspiration of a thyroid goiter (1). In 1879 dermatologist Ernest Besnier coined the term biopsy in his publication in the Gazette of Medicine and Surgery to describe the procedure of sampling tissue to obtain a diagnosis. The origins of the word are from the Greek bios which means life and opsis which means sight (2). (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Claire Kaufman Source Type: research

Ultrasound Image Optimization for the Interventional Radiologist
Understanding the basics and nuances of the functionality of ultrasound (US) equipment and of its various knobs and modes will enable the interventional radiologist to acquire higher quality US images. This, in turn will potentially allow US-guided procedures to be performed safely, and with greater operator confidence, and may also allow certain procedures to be performed with US instead of CT or fluoroscopic guidance. In this article, we review the practical aspects of US image optimization for the interventional radiologist, including equipment and transducer selection, depth, focal zone and gain setting adjustment, as ...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Gowthaman Gunabushanam, Leslie M. Scoutt Source Type: research

Rapid On Site Evaluation (ROSE): A Pathologists ’ Perspective
Rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) has been recognized as a safeguard to help ensure adequate aspirate or biopsy sample is present for diagnostic evaluation. The method involves having a pathologist (generally a cytopathologist) on site during specimen collection to allow for feedback for the performing proceduralist. ROSE can allow for appropriate ancillary tests to be collected at the time of biopsy (eg, flow cytometry or cultures), fewer passes in the event of adequate lesional representation on initial pass(es), or adjusting the biopsy target. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Benjamin L. Witt Source Type: research

Image Guided Head and Neck Biopsies: From Superficial to Deep
Image guided head and neck biopsies are indicated for the evaluation of primary and metastatic neoplasm or suspected infection. They are often requested for non-palpable lesions or those with non-diagnostic palpation guided biopsies. For neoplasms, they are helpful in planning extent of surgery and nodal dissection, consideration of preoperative chemo-radiation, and in cases where primary treatment may be non-operative (i.e. lymphoma, HPV related oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa). For suspected infection, image guided biopsies are useful in identifying microorganisms to tailor appropriate antibiotic therapy. (Source: Tec...
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Troy Hutchins Source Type: research

Image-Guided Percutaneous Lung Needle Biopsy: How we do it
Image-guided lung needle biopsy  allows for minimally invasive diagnosis of lung pathology. In the setting of suspected malignancy, the biopsy not only confirms the diagnosis but also allows for molecular profiling, a requisite for tailored systemic therapy. Needle biopsy can also characterize non-neoplastic entities such as infe ctions not responding to treatment and other inflammatory processes. A successful and safe lung needle biopsy starts with lesion and patient selection and careful pre-procedural evaluation. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Patrick P. Bourgouin, Karen J. Rodriguez, Florian J. Fintelmann Source Type: research

Percutaneous bone and soft tissue biopsies: an illustrative approach
Even in pandemic times cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Spine and peripheral skeleton constitute a common location for metastatic disease whilst numerous sarcomatous and other primary cancers may be depicted in the musculoskeletal system. Tissue sampling is necessary for histopathological identification as well as for molecular profiling in order to personalize cancer prevention, diagnosis and treatment; in addition cultures of bone and soft tissue sampling contribute to identifying pathogens in order to provide the most appropriate systemic therapy. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Dimitrios Filippiadis, Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger, Alexios Kelekis Source Type: research

Renal Mass Biopsy
Kidney cancer accounts for 2% of cancer related deaths. Historically, a patient with a solid renal mass would undergo surgery without biopsy given the previously low diagnostic yield of biopsy and the fear of tumor seeding. This led to a high rate of resection for benign masses. With the rising incidence of renal masses discovered on imaging, improvements in biopsy technique and advancements in pathologic evaluation of biopsy samples of renal masses, renal mass biopsy now plays an important role in selected patients with renal masses. (Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology)
Source: Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology - September 27, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Keith Quencer Source Type: research