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Forthcoming Issues
Syndromic Neurosurgery (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - September 17, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Cervical Total Disc Replacement: Expanded Indications
This article analyses the current available evidence supporting the expanded indication of cTDR to 3- and 4-level disc disease, either stand-alone or adjacent to fusion, from a less stringent European perspective. (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - July 30, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Óscar L. Alves Source Type: research

Cervical Total Disc Replacement
The first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) was issued in 2007. Since then, 8 more artificial discs have been granted FDA approval for single-level CTDR. Two of these have also been approved for 2-level CTDR. All devices are indicated for levels C3 to C7 for symptomatic patients with radiculopathy or myelopathy caused by disc herniation or spondylosis unresponsive to conservative management. Trials have shown noninferiority of CTDR compared with anterior cervical decompression and fusion in their overall success. Hybrid surgery and CTDR of 3 or more levels are not FDA...
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - July 30, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Mohamad Bydon, Giorgos D. Michalopoulos, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Anshit Goyal, Kingsley Abode-Iyamah Source Type: research

Cervical Total Disc Replacement
Degenerative disc disease and associated cervical spondylosis or stenosis are common conditions encountered in clinical practice. These conditions may cause progressive cervical radicular or myelopathic symptoms leading to significant impairment. Although anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been a reliable surgical treatment of cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy, but limitations include loss of cervical range of motion, the concern for adjacent segment degeneration and disease, pseudoarthrosis, complications related to the choice of intervertebral graft, dysphagia, as well as standard anterior cervical ap...
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - July 30, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Gregory Callanan, Kristen E. Radcliff Source Type: research

Biomechanics of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Devices
Prosthesis design has an influence on the quantity and quality of postoperative motion after cervical disc arthroplasty. Prostheses with built-in resistance to angular and translational motion may have an advantage in restoring physiologic motion. The ability of a prosthesis to work with remaining bony and soft tissues to restore motion and load-sharing is a function of the kinematic degrees of freedom DOF, axis of rotation for a given motion, and device stiffness. How these characteristics allow the prosthesis to work with the patient's anatomy will determine whether the prosthesis is successful at restoring motion and mi...
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - July 30, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Avinash G. Patwardhan, Robert M. Havey Source Type: research

Adjacent-Segment Disease Following Spinal Arthroplasty
Intuitively, the introduction of artificial discs into spinal surgery offered the promise of reducing the incidence of adjacent segment (AS) reoperation compared with fusion. Several early clinical studies reported nonstatistically significant differences in AS disease between total disc replacement and fusion. Given the relatively low rate of AS reoperation ( ∼1%–2% per year) following fusion, any appropriately powered study designed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference compared with arthroplasty would require thousands of patients and/or long-term follow-up (>5  years). Therefore, these differences ...
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - July 30, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Jonathan M. Parish, Anthony M. Asher, Domagoj Coric Source Type: research

Posterior Lumbar Facet Replacement and Arthroplasty
There is an ongoing desire for the development of motion-preserving facet replacement devices as an alternative to rigid fixation in hopes of better preserving the natural kinematics of the lumbar spine. Theoretically, such a construct would simultaneously address pain associated with spinal instability and prevent abnormal load distribution and adjacent segment degeneration. Several such devices have been developed including the Anatomic Facet Replacement System, the Total Facet Arthroplasty System, and the Total Posterior Arthroplasty System. Of these devices, none have yet proven to be more efficacious than rigid fixati...
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - July 30, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Ben Jiahe Gu, Rachel Blue, Jang Yoon, William C. Welch Source Type: research

The Natural History of Spinal Cord Injury
The natural history of spinal cord injury is in a state of flux. Our knowledge about the prevalence, epidemiology, and natural history spinal cord injury is in evolution. In this article, we summarize these considerations to provide a state-of-the-art synopsis of the neurologic outcomes of this condition. (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Alexander F. Haddad, John F. Burke, Sanjay S. Dhall Source Type: research

Spinal Cord Injury Management on the Front Line
This article discusses the important strategies in caring for patients with SCI that are supported with significant literature. (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Christopher Wilkerson, Andrew T. Dailey Source Type: research

Hypothermia for Acute Spinal Cord Injury
Neuroprotection after acute spinal cord injury is an important strategy to limit secondary injury. Animal studies have shown that systemic hypothermia is an effective neuroprotective strategy that can be combined with other therapies. Systemic hypothermia affects several processes at the cellular level to reduce metabolic activity, oxidative stress, and apoptotic neuronal cell death. Modest systemic hypothermia has been shown to be safe and feasible in the acute phase after cervical spinal cord injury. These data have provided the impetus for an active multicenter randomized controlled trial for modest systemic hypothermia...
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Aditya Vedantam, Allan D. Levi Source Type: research

Spinal Cord Injury: Journey of Discovery
I am grateful to John Hurlbert, Russ Lonser, and Dan Resnick for asking me to participate in this important issue on spinal cord injury (SCI). John and I have known each other for a long time. He was a superb research fellow in my SCI lab, and an excellent resident on my neurosurgical service. I am honored to write this introductory article, and my goal is to portray for readers some of the excitement I experienced and the important milestones in SCI management and research that I was privileged to witness. (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: Charles H. Tator Tags: Introduction Source Type: research

Current State of the Art in Spinal Cord Injury
NEUROSURGERYCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Authors: John Hurlbert Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Contributors
RUSSELL R. LONSER, MD (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research

Contents
John Hurlbert (Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America)
Source: Neurosurgery Clinics of North America - May 28, 2021 Category: Neurosurgery Source Type: research