Genes in Axonal Regeneration
AbstractThis review explores the molecular and genetic underpinnings of axonal regeneration and functional recovery post-nerve injury, emphasizing its significance in reversing neurological deficits. It presents a systematic exploration of the roles of various genes in axonal regrowth across peripheral and central nerve injuries. Initially, it highlights genes and gene families critical for axonal growth and guidance, delving into their roles in regeneration. It then examines the regenerative microenvironment, focusing on the role of glial cells in neural repair through dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration. The ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 22, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Piezo2 Contributes to Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating the RhoA/ROCK1 Pathways
AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to short-term and long-term physical and cognitive impairments, which have significant impacts on patients, families, and society. Currently, treatment outcomes for this disease are often unsatisfactory, due at least in part to the fact that the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of TBI are largely unknown. Here, we observed significant upregulation of Piezo2, a key mechanosensitive ion channel protein, in the injured brain tissue of a mouse model of TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown of Piezo2 after TBI atte...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 22, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroinflammation Targeting Pyroptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Stroke
AbstractPyroptosis is a recently identified type of pro-inflammatory programmed cell death (PCD) mediated by inflammasomes and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLs) and dependent on members of the caspase family. Pyroptosis has been widely reported to participate in the occurrence and progression of various inflammatory diseases, including stroke, a frequently lethal disease with high prevalence and many complications. To date, there have been no effectively therapeutic strategies and methods for treating stroke. Pyroptosis is thought to be closely related to the occurrence and development of stroke. Under...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 22, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
RBM3 Promotes Anti-inflammatory Responses in Microglia and Serves as a Neuroprotective Target of Ischemic Stroke
In this study, we compared the properties of the two cold-inducible RNA-binding proteins after ischemic stroke. Our results indicated that RBM3 expression was stimulated in the ischemic brain of stroke patients, while CIRP expression was not. In an experimental model, RBM3 can ameliorate ischemic-like insult by promoting neuronal survival and eliciting anti-inflammatory responses in activated microglia, while the impact of CIRP was intriguing. Collectively, our data supported the notion that RBM3 may be a more promising therapeutic target than CIRP for treating ischemic stroke. We further demonstrated that zr17-2, a small ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 22, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
High Homocysteine-Thiolactone Leads to Reduced MENIN Protein Expression and an Impaired DNA Damage Response: Implications for Neural Tube Defects
AbstractDNA damage is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and neural tube defects (NTDs). Additionally, HHcy is a risk factor for NTDs. Therefore, this study examined whether DNA damage is involved in HHcy-induced NTDs and investigated the underlying pathological mechanisms involved. Embryonic day 9 (E9) mouse neuroectoderm cells (NE4C) and homocysteine-thiolactone (HTL, active metabolite of Hcy)-induced NTD chicken embryos were studied by Western blotting, immunofluorescence. RNA interference or gene overexpression techniques were employed to investigate the impact of Menin expression changes on the DNA damage. Ch...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 22, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuron-Microglia Interaction is Involved in Anti-inflammatory Response by Vagus Nerve Stimulation in the Prefrontal Cortex of Rats Injected with Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid
This study suggests that VNS may play a role in regulating neuroinflammation and somatosensory and cognitive functions in poly(I:C)-injected animals. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 22, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Transcription Factor TFAP2B Exerts Neuroprotective Effects Targeting BNIP3-Mediated Mitophagy in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
In this study, MeRIP- and RNA-sequencing were performed of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperf usion (MCAO/R) rats to find novel potential molecular targets. Transcription factor TFAP2B stood out of which its m6A abundance decreased associated with a marked reduction of its mRNA based on cojoint interactive bioinformatics analysis of the MeRIP- and RNA-sequencing data. It was suggested TFAP2B could have a role in CIRI. Functionally, overexpression of TFAP2B in cultured primary neurons could effectively improve the cell survival and pro-survival autophagy in parallel with reduced cell apoptosis during OGD/R in vitro...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 21, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Considering Context-Specific microRNAs in Ischemic Stroke with Three “W”: Where, When, and What
AbstractMicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules that function as critical regulators of various biological processes through negative regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs are potential biomarkers for ischemic stroke. In this review, we first illustrate the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and demonstrate the biogenesis and transportation of microRNAs from cells. We then discuss several promising microRNA biomarkers in ischemic stroke in a context-specific manner from three dimensions: biofluids selection for microRNA extraction (Where), the timing of sample ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 21, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ferroptosis and Pyroptosis in Epilepsy
This article reviews the current comprehension of ferroptosis and pyroptosis and elucidates potential mechanisms by which ferroptosis and pyroptosis may contribute to epilepsy. In addition, we also highlight the possible interactions between ferroptosis and pyroptosis because they reportedly coexist in many diseases, and increasing studies have demonstrated the convergence of pathways between the two. This is of great significance for explaining the occurrence and development of epilepsy and provides a new therapeutic perspective for the treatment of epilepsy. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 21, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction: Mitochondrial Transfusion Improves Mitochondrial Function Through Up-regulation of Mitochondrial Complex II Protein Subunit SDHB in the Hippocampus of Aged Mice
(Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 21, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 and Neurodegenerative Diseases
AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are a group of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate globally, placing a heavy burden on patients and their families. The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is complex, and there are no effective treatments at present. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is a proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase that is closely related to the development and function of the nervous system. Under physiological conditions, it is involve...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Amelioration of Phytanic Acid –Induced Neurotoxicity by Nutraceuticals: Mechanistic Insights
AbstractPhytanic acid (PA) (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a methyl-branched fatty acid that enters the body through food consumption, primarily through red meat, dairy products, and fatty marine foods. The metabolic byproduct of phytol is PA, which is then oxidized by the ruminal microbiota and some marine species. The first methyl group at the 3-position prevents the β-oxidation of branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA). Instead, α-oxidation of PA results in the production of pristanic acid (2,10,14-tetramethylpentadecanoic acid) with CO2. This fatty acid (FA) builds up in individuals with certain peroxisomal dis...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Farrerol Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia –Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Neuronal Survival and Reducing Neuroinflammation
In conclusion, FAR exerted a protective effect on cerebral I/R injury by directly decreasing neuronal death through upregulating CREB expression and attenuating neuroinflammation. Therefore, FAR could be a potentially effective drug for the treatment of cerebral I/R injury. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Temporal-Specific Sex and Injury-Dependent Changes on Neurogranin-Associated Synaptic Signaling After Controlled Cortical Impact in Rats
This study furthers our understanding of mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction within the synapse sub-acutely after TBI. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 20, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ceftriaxone Modulates Ubiquitination of α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazole Propionic Acid Receptors to Improve Long-Term Potentiation Impairment Induced by Exogenous β-Amyloid in a Glutamate Transporter-1 Dependent Manner
In this study, we found that β-amyloid (Aβ) treatment induced hippocampal LTP impairment and AMPAR downregulation and ubiquitination. Cef pretreatment ameliorated Aβ-induced hippocampal LTP impairment, reduced AMPAR ubiquitination, and increased AMPAR expression, especially in the plasma memb rane, in Aβ-treated mice. Administration of USP46 siRNA and DHK (a specific blocker of glutamate transporter-1) significantly inhibited the above effects of Cef, suggesting a role for anti-AMPAR ubiquitination and upregulation of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in the Cef-induced improvements menti oned above. The above findings d...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - February 19, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
