Overexpression of α-Klotho isoforms promotes distinct Effects on BDNF-Induced Alterations in Dendritic Morphology
Abstractα-Klotho (α-Kl) is a modulator of aging, neuroprotection, and cognition. Transcription of theKlotho gene produces two splice variants —a membrane protein (mKl), which can be cleaved and released into the extracellular milieu, and a truncated secreted form (sKl). Despite mounting evidence supporting a role for α-Kl in brain function, the specific roles of α-Kl isoforms in neuronal development remain elusive. Here, we examined α -Kl protein levels in rat brain and observed region-specific expression in the adult that differs between isoforms. In the developing hippocampus, levels of isoforms decrease after the...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Limb-Clasping Response in NMDA Receptor Palmitoylation-Deficient Mice
AbstractProper regulation ofN-methyl-d-aspartate-type glutamate receptor (NMDA receptor) expression is responsible for excitatory synaptic functions in the mammalian brain. NMDA receptor dysfunction can cause various neuropsychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Posttranslational proteinS-palmitoylation, the covalent attachment of palmitic acid to intracellular cysteine residues via thioester bonds, occurs in the carboxyl terminus of GluN2B, which is the major regulatory NMDA receptor subunit. Mutations of three palmitoylatable cysteine residues in the membrane-proximal cluster of GluN2B to non-palmitoylatable...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Brain Damage Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via the Interaction of miR-140-5p and HDAC7
This study highlights the potential of MSC-EV-miR-140-5p in mitigating SAH-induced neuroinflammation and brain injury, providing a foundation for developing MSC-EV-based treatments for SAH. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Blood vessel organoids generated by base editing and harboring single nucleotide variation in Notch3 effectively recapitulate CADASIL-related pathogenesis
In this study, we focused onin vitro modeling and therapeutic target finding of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), the most common form of hereditary stroke disorder caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. Despite the identification of these mutations, the underlying pathological mechanism is elusive, and effective therapeutic approaches are lacking. CADASIL primarily affects the blood vessels in the brain, leading to ischemic strokes, migraines, and dementia. By employing CRISPR/Cas9 base-editing technology, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cell...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction to: Protective Effect of GM1 Attenuates Hippocampus and Cortex Apoptosis After Ketamine Exposure in Neonatal Rat via PI3K/AKT/GSK3 β Pathway
(Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Vilazodone Alleviates Neurogenesis-Induced Anxiety in the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Female Rat Model: Role of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling
AbstractDefective β-catenin signaling is accompanied with compensatory neurogenesis process that may pave to anxiety. β-Catenin has a distinct role in alleviating anxiety in adolescence; however, it undergoes degradation by the degradation complex Axin and APC. Vilazodone (VZ) is a fast, effective antidepressant wi th SSRI activity and 5-HT1A partial agonism that amends somatic and/or psychic symptoms of anxiety. Yet, there is no data about anxiolytic effect of VZ on anxiety-related neurogenesis provoked by stress-reduced β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, females have specific susceptibility toward psychopathology. The ...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Interaction Between Nutraceuticals and Gut Microbiota: a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Prevent and Treatment Parkinson ’s Disease
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. Emerging research has shed light on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Nutraceuticals such as curcumin, berberine, phytoestrogens, polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, EGCG, and fisetin), dietary fibers have been shown to influence gut microbiota composition and function, restoring microbial balance and enhancing the gut-brain axis. The mechanisms underlying these benefits involve microbial metabolite pro duction, re...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
HAT and HDAC: Enzyme with Contradictory Action in Neurodegenerative Diseases
AbstractIn view of the increasing risk of neurodegenerative diseases, epigenetics plays a fundamental role in the field of neuroscience. Several modifications have been studied including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone phosphorylation, etc. Histone acetylation and deacetylation regulate gene expression, and the regular activity of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) provides regulatory stages for gene expression and cell cycle. Imbalanced homeostasis in these enzymes causes a detrimental effect on neurophysiological function. Intriguingly, epigenetic remodelling via histone acet...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Mitophagy Upregulation Occurs Early in the Neurodegenerative Process Mediated by α-Synuclein
This study reveals a role for mutant A53T α-synuclein in inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, which may be an early event contributing to neurodege neration. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
MST2 Acts via AKT Activity to Promote Neurite Outgrowth and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice
In conclusion, our findings affirmed MST2’s pivotal role in fostering neuronal neurite outgrowth and facilitating functional recovery after SCI, mediated thro ugh its positive modulation of AKT activity. In conclusion, our findings confirmed MST2’s crucial role in neural protection, promoting neurite outgrowth and functional recovery after SCI through positive AKT activity modulation. These results position MST2 as a potential therapeutic target for SCI , offering new insights into strategies for enhancing neuroregeneration and functional restoration. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Are Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPPs) Levels Altered in Neuropsychiatric Disorders? An Integrative Review
AbstractNeuropsychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ) are considered a public health problem since it interferes in personal relationships and at work. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these mental disorders are still not completely understood. The variety and heterogeneity of symptoms, as well as the absence of biomarkers, make the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of these disorders difficult. However, oxidative stress appears to play a role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this context, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) are c...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Correction: Proteomic Profiling Reveals Specific Molecular Hallmarks of the Pig Claustrum
(Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 6, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Transcriptomics of Human Brain Tissue in Parkinson ’s Disease: a Comparison of Bulk and Single-cell RNA Sequencing
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to motor dysfunction and, in some cases, dementia. Transcriptome analysis is one promising approach for characterizing PD and other neurodegenerative disorders by informing how specific disease events influence gene exp ression and contribute to pathogenesis. With the emergence of single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (scnRNA-seq) technologies, the transcriptional landscape of neurodegenerative diseases can now be described at the cellular level. As the application of scnRNA-seq is becoming routine, it cal ls to ques...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Astaxanthin and DHA Supplementation Modulates the Maternal Undernutrition-induced Impairment of Cognitive Behavior and Synaptic Plasticity in Adult Life of Offspring ’s -Exploring the Molecular Mechanism
AbstractMaternal nutrition was recognized as a significant part of brain growth and maturation in most mammalian species. Timely intervention with suitable nutraceuticals would provide long-term health benefits. We aim to unravel the molecular mechanisms of perinatal undernutrition-induced impairments in cognition and synaptic plasticity, employing animal model based on dietary nutraceutical supplementation. We treated undernourished dams at their gestational, lactational, and at both the time point with Astaxanthin (AsX) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their pups were used as experimental animals. We evaluated the cog...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Association Between the Endocannabinoid System-Related Gene Variants and Epilepsy
In this study, we focused on investigating the connection between genetic variations in genes related to the ECS and the occurrence of epilepsy. Some ECS-related gene variants were selected and genotyping was performed using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR –RFLP) technique. Interestingly,CNR1 rs12720071 genotype (OR 16.33, 95% CI 1.8 –149;p = 0.001) showed an association with generalized epilepsy andMGLL rs604300 genotype (OR 2, 95% CI 1.1 –3.4;p = 0.013) demonstrated a relationship with females diagnosed with focal epilepsy. So, studyingCNR1,MGLL, and their gen...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - April 5, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
