High Mobility Group Box Protein (HMGB1): A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Encephalopathy
AbstractHMGB (high mobility group B) is one of the ubiquitous non-histone nuclear protein superfamilies that make up the HMG (high mobility group) protein group. HMGB1 is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the human body, including a structural role in the cell nucleus as well as replication, repair, DNA transcription, and assembly of nuclear proteins. It functions as a signaling regulator in the cytoplasm and a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the extracellular environment. Among several studies, HMGB1 protein is also emerging as a crucial factor involved in the development and progression of...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Meta-analysis of the Selected Genetic Variants in Immune-Related Genes and Multiple Sclerosis Risk
AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that certain variants in immune-related genes may participate in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), including rs17824933 in theCD6 gene, rs1883832 in theCD40 gene, rs2300747 in theCD58 gene, rs763361 in theCD226 gene, rs16944 in theIL-1 β gene, rs2243250 in theIL-4 gene, and rs12722489 and rs2104286 in theIL-2R α gene. However, the results remained inconclusive and conflicting. In view of this, a comprehensive meta-analysis including all eligible studies was conducted to investigate the association between these 8 selected genetic variants and MS risk. Up to June 2023, 64...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
BMSC-Derived Exosomes Carrying miR-26a-5p Ameliorate Spinal Cord Injury via Negatively Regulating EZH2 and Activating the BDNF-TrkB-CREB Signaling
Conclusion: BMSC-derived exosomes carryingmiR-26a-5p repressed EZH2 expression to promote BDNF and TrkB expression and CREB phosphorylation and subsequently increase KCC2 expression, thus protecting PC12 cells and ameliorating SCI. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 13, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Involvement of Calpain in Neurovascular Unit Damage through Up-regulating PARP-NF- κB Signaling during Experimental Ischemic Stroke
In this study, it was investigated whether calpain was contributed to the neurovascular unit (NVU) damage through up-regulating PARP-NF-κB signaling during experimental ischemic stroke. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were suffered fr om 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by reperfusion. The NVU damage was evaluated by the permeability of blood-brain barrier (BBB), the degradation of proteins in extracellular matrix and tight junctions, and ultrastructural changes. The inflammatory response was determined by th e expression of inflammatory genes driven by PARP-NF-κB signaling and the activities of myeloperoxi...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chronic Pain –Related Cognitive Deficits: Preclinical Insights into Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Mechanisms
AbstractCognitive impairment is a common comorbidity of chronic pain, significantly disrupting patients ’ quality of life. Despite this comorbidity being clinically recognized, the underlying neuropathological mechanisms remain unclear. Recent preclinical studies have focused on the fundamental mechanisms underlying the coexistence of chronic pain and cognitive decline. Pain chronification is accomp anied by structural and functional changes in the neural substrate of cognition. Based on the developments in electrophysiology and optogenetics/chemogenetics, we summarized the relevant neural circuits involved in pain-induc...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Role of Dietary Peptides Gluten and Casein in the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Biochemical Perspectives
AbstractThis paper examines the role of dietary peptides gluten and casein in modulating brain function in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from a biochemical perspective. Neurotransmitter systems and neural networks are crucial for brain function, and alterations at the biochemical level can contribute to the characteristic symptoms and behaviors of ASD. The paper explores how dietary peptides influence neurotransmitter systems and neural networks, highlighting their potential as interventions to improve brain function in ASD. The evidence suggests that dietary peptides can impact neurotransmitter synthesis...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Retraction Note To: The Association of Palmitoylethanolamide with Luteolin Decreases Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury
(Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 12, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Interplay of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Dopamine Agonists as an Effective Disease-Modifying Therapy for Parkinson ’s Disease
AbstractParkinson ’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological ailment with a slower rate of advancement that is more common in older adults. The biggest risk factor for PD is getting older, and those over 60 have an exponentially higher incidence of this condition. The failure of the mitochondrial electron chain, changes in the dynamics of the mitochondria, and abnormalities in calcium and ion homeostasis are all symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) and an energy deficit are linked to these alterations. Levodopa (L-DOPA) is a medication that is typic ally used t...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 11, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
TXNIP Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Pyroptosis Related to Aging via cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TXNIP regulates NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in HT-22 cells related to aging via the PI3K/Akt and cAMP/PKA pathways. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Diosmetin Ameliorates HFD-induced Cognitive Impairments via Inhibiting Metabolic Disorders, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in Male SD Rats
In conclusion, these results indicated that Diosmetin might be a novel nutritional intervention to prevent the occurrence and development of obesity-associated cognitive dysfunction via metabolic regulation and anti-inflammation. (Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 9, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Plasmalogens and Octanoylcarnitine Serve as Early Warnings for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
AbstractCentral retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a kind of ophthalmic emergency which may cause loss of functional visual acuity. However, the limited treatment options emphasize the significance of early disease prevention. Metabolomics has the potential to be a powerful tool for early identification of individuals at risk of CRAO. The aim of the study was to identify potential biomarkers for CRAO through a comprehensive analysis. We employed metabolomics analysis to compare venous blood samples from CRAO patients with cataract patients for the venous difference, as well as arterial and venous blood from CRAO patients f...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Inulae Flos has Anti-Depressive Effects by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Recovering Dysfunction of HPA-axis
This study explored whether IF alleviates depression in both in vitro and in vivo models. For in vitro studies, we treated BV2 and PC12 cells damaged by lipopolysaccharides or corticosterone (CORT) with IF to investigate the mechanisms of depression. For in vivo studies, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to chronic restraint stress and were administered IF at doses of 0, 100, and 300 mg/kg for 2 weeks. IF inhibited pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukins in BV2 cells. Moreover, IF increased the viability of CORT-damaged PC12 cells by modulating protein kinase B, a mamma...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
m6A/m1A/m5C-Associated Methylation Alterations and Immune Profile in MDD
AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition often accompanied by severe impairments in cognitive and functional capacities. This research was conducted to identify RNA modification-related gene signatures and associated functional pathways in MDD. Differentially expressed RNA modification-related genes in MDD were first identified. And a random forest model was developed and distinct RNA modification patterns were discerned based on signature genes. Then, comprehensive analyses of RNA modification-associated genes in MDD were performed, including functional analyses and immune cell infiltra...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Retraction Note to: Neuroprotective Effects of Filgrastim in Rotenone-Induced Parkinson ’s Disease in Rats: Insights into its Anti-Inflammatory, Neurotrophic, and Antiapoptotic Effects
(Source: Molecular Neurobiology)
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 8, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 Gene Polymorphisms and mRNA Expression Levels Are Associated with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
AbstractInterferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a critical transcription factor in the toll-like receptor signaling pathway. It is associated with autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, the relationship between the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ofIRF5 and its mRNA expression level in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between polymorphisms and mRNA expression levels of theIRF5 gene with the incidence of neuromyelitis optica spectr...
Source: Molecular Neurobiology - March 7, 2024 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
