Characterization of maturation of neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels SCN1A and SCN8A in rat myocardium
Conclusions
Heart- and brain-type sodium channels are differentially expressed during ontogenesis. The high expression level of SCN1A in the perinatal period and early infancy indicates its importance in preserving a regular cardiac rhythm in this early phase of life. Altered regulation of sodium channels might result in severe cardiac rhythm disturbances. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - March 11, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Propofol administration to the maternal-fetal unit improved fetal EEG and influenced cerebral apoptotic pathway in preterm lambs suffering from severe asphyxia
Conclusions
Improvement of fetal EEG during and after severe asphyxia could be achieved by propofol treatment of the ovine maternal-fetal unit. The underlying mechanism is probably the reduction of glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by down-regulation of NMDA receptors and an inhibition of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - March 9, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
The role of chitin, chitinases, and chitinase-like proteins in pediatric lung diseases
Abstract
Chitin, after cellulose, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth, is a key component of insects, fungi, and house-dust mites. Lower life forms are endowed with chitinases to defend themselves against chitin-bearing pathogens. Unexpectedly, humans were also found to express chitinases as well as chitinase-like proteins that modulate immune responses. Particularly, increased levels of the chitinase-like protein YKL-40 have been associated with severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, and other inflammatory disease conditions. Here, we summarize and discuss the potential role of chitin, chitinases, an...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - February 27, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - an overview about pathophysiologic concepts
Abstract
Neonatal chronic lung disease in the preterm infant, i.e. bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is characterized by impaired pulmonary development with its effects persisting into adulthood. Triggered in the immature lung by infectious complications, oxygen toxicity and the impact of mechanical ventilation, a sustained inflammatory response, extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix, increased apoptosis as well as altered growth factor signaling characterize the disease. The current review focuses on selected pathophysiologic processes and their interplay in disease development. Furthermore, ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - February 26, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
miRNA-221 is elevated in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells and regulates expression of ATF6
Conclusions
These results implicate miR-145, miR-221 and miR-494 in the regulation of ATF6 in CF bronchial epithelium, with miR-221 demonstrating structural and functional conservation between humans and mice. The altered miRNA expression evident in CF bronchial epithelial cells can affect expression of transcriptional regulators such as ATF6. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - January 7, 2015 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Proteostasis in pediatric pulmonary pathology
Abstract
Protein homeostasis describes the tight supervision of protein synthesis, correct protein maturation and folding, as well as the timely disposal of unwanted and damaged proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway or the lysosome-autophagy route. The cellular processes involved in preservation of protein homeostasis are collectively called proteostasis. Dysregulation of proteostasis is an emerging common pathomechanism for chronic lung diseases in the adult and aged patient. There is also rising evidence that impairment of protein homeostasis contributes to early sporadic disease onset in pedia...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - December 29, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Mechanisms of hypothermia-induced cell protection in the brain
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia is an effective cytoprotectant and promising intervention shown to improve outcome in patients following cardiac arrest and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. However, despite our clinical and experimental experiences, the protective molecular mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia remain to be elucidated. Therefore, in this brief overview we discuss both the clinical evidence and molecular mechanisms of therapeutic hypothermia in order to provide further insights into this promising intervention. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - December 1, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Matrix metalloproteinases and epileptogenesis
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are vital drivers of synaptic remodeling in health and disease. It is suggested that at early stages of epileptogenesis, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases may help ameliorate cell death, aberrant network rewiring, and neuroinflammation and prevent development of epilepsy. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - November 4, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Fanconi anemia: young patients at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma
Conclusions
This mini review summarizes current knowledge about the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the special context of Fanconi anemia. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - November 1, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Cancer therapy: know your enemy?
Conclusions
This review discusses non-classic components of tumors and highlights possible treatment approaches which might be of particular benefit for children and adolescents. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - October 31, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Are microRNAs suitable biomarkers of immunity to tuberculosis?
Conclusions
This review summarizes recent surrogate tissue studies for identification of miRNA biomarker candidates in human tuberculosis with a special focus on reproducibility and conformance. In addition we provide assistance for the design of biomarker studies to circumvent major pitfalls. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - October 3, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Renal response to short- and long-term exercise in very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase-deficient (VLCAD −/− ) mice
Conclusions
Our data demonstrate that despite Acadvl ablation, the kidney of VLCAD−/− mice fully compensates for impaired fatty acid oxidation by enhanced glycogen utilization and preserves renal energy metabolism and function. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - October 2, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells expand in cord blood and human pregnancy and modulate T cell responses
(Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - September 11, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Catheter-based ablation of supraventricular tachycardias in a paediatric population – a decade of experience at a single centre
(Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - September 11, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Characterization of leukemia-specific NK cell subsets against acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children
(Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - September 11, 2014 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
