Infant formulas with synthetic oligosaccharides and respective marketing practices
AbstractHuman milk contains more than 150 different oligosaccharides, which together are among to the quantitatively predominant solid components of breast milk. The oligosaccharide content and composition of human milk show large inter-individual differences. Oligosaccharide content is mostly influenced by genetic variants of the mother ’s secretor status. Oligosaccharides in human milk are utilized by infants’ intestinal bacteria, affecting bacterial composition and metabolic activity. Maternal secretor status, and respective differing fucosylated oligosaccharide content, has been associated both with reduced and inc...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - July 13, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
High-resolution label-free mapping of murine kidney vasculature by raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy: an ex vivo study
ConclusionThis study demonstrates the capability of RSOM for label-free visualization of differences in vascular morphology in ex vivo murine renal tissue at high resolution. Due to its scalability optoacoustic imaging provides an emerging modality with potential for further preclinical and clinical imaging applications. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - July 4, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population
AbstractDifferent gastrointestinal pathogens cause diarrhea which is a very common problem in children aged under 5 years. Among bacterial pathogens,Shigella is one of the main causes of diarrhea among children, and it accounts for approximately 11% of all deaths among children aged under 5 years. The case-fatality rates forShigella among the infants and children aged 1 to 4 years are 13.9% and 9.4%, respectively.Shigella uses unique effector proteins to modulate intracellular pathways.Shigella cannot invade epithelial cells on the apical site; therefore, it needs to pass epithelium through other cells rather than the epit...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - June 19, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Ultrasound elastography in children — nice to have for scientific studies or arrived in clinical routine?
AbstractUltrasound elastography (USE) is a modality that in addition to fundamental B-mode, Doppler, and contrast-enhanced sonography is suitable to make qualitative and quantitative statements about the stiffness of tissues. Introduced more than 20 years ago in adults, USE becomes now a diagnostic tool also in children. The aim of this paper is to describe current available techniques for USE in children. The significance for routine use in children is shown, and further interesting applications are reported. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - June 6, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Long noncoding RNAs as regulators of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia
AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly emerging as regulators across human development and disease, and many have been described in the context of hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. These studies have yielded new molecular insights into the contribution of lncRNAs to AML development and revealed connections between lncRNA expression and clinical parameters in AML patients. In this mini review, we illustrate the versatile functions of lncRNAs in AML, with a focus on pediatric AML, and present examples that may serve as future therapeutic targets or predictive factors. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - May 20, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
How peritoneal dialysis transforms the peritoneum and vasculature in children with chronic kidney disease —what can we learn for future treatment?
AbstractChildren with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suffer from inflammation and reactive metabolite-induced stress, which massively accelerates tissue and vascular aging. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred dialysis mode in children, but currently used PD fluids contain far supraphysiological glucose concentrations for fluid and toxin removal and glucose degradation products (GDP). While the peritoneal membrane of children with CKD G5 exhibits only minor alterations, PD fluids trigger numerous molecular cascades resulting in major peritoneal membrane inflammation, hypervascularization, and fibrosis, with distinct mol...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - May 5, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
When inflammation meets lung development —an update on the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
AbstractEven more than 50 years after its initial description, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the most important and lifelong sequelae following premature birth. Tremendous efforts have been undertaken since then to reduce this ever-increasing disease burden but a therapeutic breakthrough preventing BPD is still not in sight. The inflammatory response provoked in the immature lung is a key driver of distorted lung development and impacts the formation of alveolar, mesenchymal, and vascular structures during a particularly vulnerable time-period. During the last 5 years, new scientific insights have led to ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - April 20, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Implementation of exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric patients with Crohn ’s disease—results of a survey of CEDATA-GPGE reporting centers
ConclusionsEEN is widely recommended as an induction therapy by the German and Austrian pediatric gastroenterologists for children and adolescents with CD. However, this questionnaire-based study has shown a wide variation in EEN protocols used by the different pediatric clinics of CEDATA-GPGE ®. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - April 5, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Uni-ventricular palliation vs. bi-ventricular repair: differential inflammatory response
ConclusionsUVP is associated with an anti-inflammatory shift of the inflammatory response to cardiac surgery that might be related to the particular hemodynamic situation of patients with UVP. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - March 20, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Correction to: Precision medicine in pediatric oncology
(Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - March 10, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
DMBT1 is upregulated in cystic fibrosis, affects ciliary motility, and is reduced by acetylcysteine
ConclusionsDMBT1 is part of inflammatory processes in CF and may be used as a potential biomarker for CF lung disease and a potential tool to monitor CF progression. Furthermore, DMBT1 has a negative effect on ciliary motility thereby possibly compromising airway clearance. Application of ACC, leading to reduced DMBT1 concentrations, could be a potential therapeutic option for CF patients. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - March 5, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome in childhood and adolescence —a comprehensive review and presentation of the German pediatric guideline
ConclusionAffected families frequently experience a long way until the correct diagnosis for their child ’s peculiarity is made. Even after diagnosis, it is not easy to find a physician who is familiar with this rare group of diseases. Because of a still-limited database, it is not easy to establish evidence-based (cancer) surveillance recommendations. The presented screening recommendation should th us be revised regularly according to the current state of knowledge. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - February 21, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic patterns of aminoglycoside resistance in the Gram-negative bacteria isolates collected from pediatric and general hospitals
AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic patterns of aminoglycoside resistance among the Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolates collected from pediatric and general hospitals in Iran. A total of 836 clinical isolates of GNB were collected from pediatric and general hospitals from January 2018 to the end of December 2019. The identification of bacterial isolates was performed by conventional biochemical tests. Susceptibility to aminoglycosides was evaluated by the disk diffusion method (DDM). The frequency of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) was screened by t...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - February 4, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
DMBT1 expression and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio during necrotizing enterocolitis are influenced by impaired perfusion due to cardiac anomalies
ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that DMBT1 expression may be influenced by cardiac anomalies with an impaired intestinal perfusion in the neonatal intestine. NEC in PDA/CHD infants is associated with more DMBT1-positive macrophages and a significantly elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - January 6, 2022 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Perinatal origins of chronic lung disease: mechanisms –prevention–therapy—sphingolipid metabolism and the genetic and perinatal origins of childhood asthma
AbstractChildhood asthma derives from complex host-environment interactions occurring in the perinatal and infant period, a critical time for lung development. Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) initially identified a link between alleles within the 17q21 asthma-susceptibility locus, childhood asthma, and overexpression of the ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3), an inhibitor of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Subsequent studies of pediatric asthma offer strong evidence that these asthma-risk alleles ...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - December 20, 2021 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
