Chemotherapy and the pediatric brain
AbstractSurvival rates of children with cancer are steadily increasing. This urges our attention to neurocognitive and psychiatric outcomes, as these can markedly influence the quality of life of these children. Neurobehavioral morbidity in childhood cancer survivors affects diverse aspects of cognitive function, which can include attention, memory, processing speed, intellect, academic achievement, and emotional health. Reasons for neurobehavioral morbidity are multiple with one major contributor being chemotherapy-induced central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Clinical studies investigating the effects of chemotherapy on...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - November 6, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
The role of S100 proteins in the pathogenesis and monitoring of autoinflammatory diseases
AbstractS100A8/A9 and S100A12 are released from activated monocytes and granulocytes and act as proinflammatory endogenous toll-like receptor (TLR)4-ligands. S100 serum concentrations correlate with disease activity, both during local and systemic inflammatory processes. In some autoinflammatory diseases such as familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) or systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA), dysregulation of S100 release may be involved in the pathogenesis. Moreover, S100 serum levels are a valuable supportive tool in the diagnosis of SJIA in fever of unknown origin. Furthermore, S100 levels can be used to monitor dise...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - September 25, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Precision medicine in pediatric oncology
AbstractOutcome in treatment of childhood cancers has improved dramatically since the 1970s. This success was largely achieved by the implementation of cooperative clinical research trial groups that standardized and developed treatment of childhood cancer. Nevertheless, outcome in certain types of malignancies is still unfavorable. Intensification of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy improved outcome only marginally at the cost of acute and long-term side effects. Hence, it is necessary to develop targeted therapy strategies.Here, we review the developments and perspectives in precision medicine in pediatric onco...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - August 31, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Anti-inflammatory monocytes —interplay of innate and adaptive immunity
AbstractMonocytes are central to our health as they contribute to both hemispheres of our immune system, the innate and the adaptive arm. Sensing signals from the outside world, monocytes govern the innate immunity by initiating inflammation, e.g., through production of IL-1 β. Uncontrolled and sustained inflammation, however, leads to auto-inflammatory syndromes and sometimes to autoimmune diseases. Monocytes can be a driving force for the establishment of such diseases when their ability to also contribute to the resolution of inflammation is impaired. It is therefor e of vast importance to gain knowledge about the anti...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - April 3, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Intrauterine growth restriction - impact on cardiovascular diseases later in life
AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a fetal pathology which leads to increased risk for certain neonatal complications. Furthermore, clinical and experimental studies revealed that IUGR is associated with a significantly higher incidence of metabolic, renal and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life. One hypothesis for the higher risk of CVD after IUGR postulates that IUGR induces metabolic alterations that then lead to CVD.This minireview focuses on recent studies which demonstrate that IUGR is followed by early primary cardiovascular alterations which may directly progress to CVD later in life. (Source...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - March 20, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
The potential of antisense oligonucleotide therapies for inherited childhood lung diseases
AbstractAntisense oligonucleotides are an emerging therapeutic option to treat diseases with known genetic origin. In the age of personalised medicines, antisense oligonucleotides can sometimes be designed to target and bypass or overcome a patient ’s genetic mutation, in particular those lesions that compromise normal pre-mRNA processing. Antisense oligonucleotides can alter gene expression through a variety of mechanisms as determined by the chemistry and antisense oligomer design. Through targeting the pre-mRNA, antisense oligonucleotides can alter splicing and induce a specific spliceoform or disrupt the reading fram...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - February 6, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
CISH promoter polymorphism effects on T cell cytokine receptor signaling and type 1 diabetes susceptibility
ConclusionsThis study provides no evidence for an association ofCISH promoter SNPs with susceptibility to T1D or severity of disease. In contrast to previous studies, no influence of different haplotypes on CIS mRNA expression or T cell-mediated functions was found. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - February 6, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
The potential of antisense oligonucleotide therapies for inherited childhood lung diseases
AbstractAntisense oligonucleotides are an emerging therapeutic option to treat diseases with known genetic origin. In the age of personalised medicines, antisense oligonucleotides can sometimes be designed to target and bypass or overcome a patient ’s genetic mutation, in particular those lesions that compromise normal pre-mRNA processing. Antisense oligonucleotides can alter gene expression through a variety of mechanisms as determined by the chemistry and antisense oligomer design. Through targeting the pre-mRNA, antisense oligonucleotides can alter splicing and induce a specific spliceoform or disrupt the reading fram...
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - February 6, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
CISH promoter polymorphism effects on T cell cytokine receptor signaling and type 1 diabetes susceptibility
ConclusionsThis study provides no evidence for an association ofCISH promoter SNPs with susceptibility to T1D or severity of disease. In contrast to previous studies, no influence of different haplotypes on CIS mRNA expression or T cell-mediated functions was found. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - February 6, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
Preserved in vitro immunoreactivity in children receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy due to inflammatory bowel disease or autoimmune hepatitis
ConclusionsContrary to expectations of a strong influence of IS therapy on the immunoreactivity, this study showed only minor differences between the groups with high-level, low-level, and no IS. Particularly, the in vitro reactivity to adenovirus antigen was nearly the same in all three groups. We assume that —provided a normal distribution and count of lymphocyte subgroups—patients with moderate immunosuppression might be capable of raising an effective immune response to inactivated and live vaccines. (Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics)
Source: Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics - January 19, 2018 Category: Cytology Source Type: research
