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Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Infants
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a wealth of information regarding the neonatal brain. Diffusion anisotropy values reflect changes in the microstructure that accompany early maturation of white and gray matter. In term neonates with neonatal encephalopathy, diffusion imaging provides a useful means of assessing brain injury during the first week of life. In preterm neonates, measures of white matter anisotropy provide information on the nature and extent of white matter disruption. Subsequently, diffusion MRI plays an important role in illuminating fundamental elements of brain development and fulfilling t...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Jeffrey J. Neil, Christopher D. Smyser Source Type: research

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Head and Neck (Including Temporal Bone)
Diffusion techniques provide valuable information when performing head and neck imaging. This information can be used to detect the presence or absence of pathology, refine differential diagnosis, determine the location for biopsy, assess response to treatment, and prognosticate outcomes. For example, when certain technical factors are taken into consideration, diffusion techniques prove indispensable in assessing for residual cholesteatoma following middle ear surgery. In other scenarios, pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient values may assist in prognosticating outcomes in laryngeal cancer and likelihood of respons...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Felix Boucher, Eric Liao, Ashok Srinivasan Source Type: research

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging is Key to Diagnosing Specific Diseases
This article reviews diseases for which persistent signal abnormalities on diffusion-weighted imaging are the key to their diagnosis. Specifically, updated knowledge regarding the neuroimaging patterns of the following diseases is summarized: sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, and hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids –colony-stimulating factor receptors/adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia. In addition, their differential diagnoses; clinical manifestations; and pathologic, genetic, and imaging correlates are discussed. (...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Aya Midori Tokumaru, Yuko Saito, Shigeo Murayma Source Type: research

Overview of Diffusion Tensor, Diffusion Kurtosis, and Q-space Imaging and Software Tools
This work offers a short up-to-date review of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (dMRI) and software tools that are used widely to process and analyze clinical dMRI. A consolidated dMRI protocol for clinical applications that enables the mapping of tissue microstructural attributes is presented. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Khader M. Hasan, Kei Yamada Source Type: research

Intracranial Abnormalities with Diffusion Restriction
This article focuses on showing examples of common and uncommon disorders that have restricted diffusion secondary to cytotoxic and/or intramyelinic edema. These disorders include ischemia, infection, noninfectious demyelinating diseases, genetic mutations affecting metabolism, acquired metabolic disorders, toxic or drug exposures, neoplasms and tumorlike lesions, radiation treatment, trauma, and denervation. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Steven P. Meyers Source Type: research

Temperature Measurement by Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
The objective of this article is to provide a concise but thorough review of the basic physical principles and the principal applications of DWI thermometry as a potential method to elucidate the pathophysiology of several brain diseases and neurologic syndromes. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Gianvincenzo Sparacia, Koji Sakai Source Type: research

CME Accreditation Page
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Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Advances in Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
My career as a radiologist started in the early 1990s when only the very basic MR imaging techniques were available. They included the spin-echo sequence, without any adjectives such as fast-, 3D-, or turbo. MR examinations were lengthy and pastoral back then. I was, however, busy enough catching up with the very basic MR physics and therefore had no complaints about this simplicity. A few years of neuroradiology training passed by, and I then quickly became aware of the rise of a new tool, that is, echo-planar imaging (EPI). (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Kei Yamada Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Advances in Diffusionweighted Imaging
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Kei Yamada Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Contributors
SURESH K. MUKHERJI, MD, MBA, FACR (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Contents
Suresh K. Mukherji (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
MR Imaging of Chronic Liver Diseases and Liver Cancer (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Foreword
This issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America is focused on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). There are articles devoted to the basics of DWI and various clinical applications, which include DWI assessment of the spinal cord, intracranial pathologic conditions, and numerous other disease sites. There is also a specific article devoted to imaging of infants. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Suresh K. Mukherji Source Type: research

Technical Basics of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging
Diffusion-weighted images provide a unique contrast that shows the ability to assess tissue structure and condition on a micrometer scale. Notably, these equations are necessary to understand diffusion MR imaging as a theory but not for real imaging, particularly in clinical practice. The diffusion phenomenon can be observed only through MR measurements. One of the emerging fields of diffusion MRI is to probe the tissue microstructure by altering the diffusion time t, the time interval over which spin displacements are sampled. However, the diffusion time is, in a sense, more important than the b-value for diffusion-weight...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - March 23, 2021 Category: Radiology Authors: Masaaki Hori, Kouhei Kamiya, Katsutoshi Murata Source Type: research