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Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion, Part 1: The Fundamentals
Measuring blood flow has been of long-standing interest in medicine and physiology. Initially conceived to measure blood flow to the whole organ, attention turned quickly to measure capillary blood flow as a measure of local delivery of nutrients to a small region of tissue. Originally proposed with gases and microspheres, early on, the method of indicator dilution has become the most prevalent approach because of the impracticality of using microspheres. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Roland Bammer, Shalini A. Amukotuwa Source Type: research

Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion, Part 2: Deployment With and Without Contrast Leakage Present
A thorough description of perfusion analysis and basic DSC MR acquisition concepts has been described in the companion article to this article, which the interested reader may also find useful. DSC MR imaging requires an MR imaging pulse sequence that is sensitive to magnetic susceptibility changes to register the contrast concentration changes when GBCA passes through the capillary bed. Any pulse sequence that has T2 ∗-weighting can be used to pick up these changes, provided that the sequence is fast enough to acquire an image of that slice of tissue at least every 1 to 2 second. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clin...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Roland Bammer, Shalini A. Amukotuwa Source Type: research

MR Perfusion
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Ananth J. Madhuranthakam, Max Wintermark Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Contributors
SURESH K. MUKHERJI, MD, MBA, FACR (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Contents
Suresh K. Mukherji and Jenny T. Bencardino (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Demyelinating and Inflammatory Lesions of the Brain and Spine (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

CME Accreditation Page
(Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Bacterial, Viral, and Prion Infectious Diseases of the Brain
Diagnosis of brain infections is based on a combination of clinical features, laboratory markers, and imaging findings. Imaging characterizes the extent and severity of the disease, aids in guiding diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, monitors response to treatment, and demonstrates complications. This review highlights the characteristic imaging manifestations of bacterial and viral infections in the brain. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - November 24, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Amy M. Condos, Pattana Wangaryattawanich, Tanya J. Rath Source Type: research

MR Perfusion Imaging of the Lung
In conclusion, while MRI perfusion techniques hold immense potential for a comprehensive, non-invasive assessment of lung function and perfusion, their broader clinical adoption hinges on technological advancements, collaborative research, and rigorous validation. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - October 20, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Fernando U. Kay, Ananth J. Madhuranthakam Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging for Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, carrying a significant socioeconomic burden. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with 4 major subtypes identified. Each subtype has unique prognostic factors, risks, treatment responses, and survival rates. Advances in targeted therapies have considerably improved the 5-year survival rates for primary breast cancer patients largely due to widespread screening programs that enable early detection and timely treatment. Imaging techniques are indispensable in diagnosing and managing breast cancer. While mammography is the primary screening tool,...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - October 20, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Durga Udayakumar, Ananth J. Madhuranthakam, Ba şak E. Doğan Source Type: research

Perfusion Imaging for the Heart
The use of myocardial perfusion imaging during a stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examination for the evaluation of coronary artery disease is now recommended by both US and European guidelines. Several studies have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. Stress perfusion CMR has been shown to be a noninvasive and cost-effective alternative to guide coronary revascularization. (Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America)
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - October 14, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Amit R. Patel, Christopher M. Kramer Source Type: research

Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging of Prostate
Magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging, both with and without exogenous contrast agents, has the potential to assess tissue perfusion and vascularity in prostate cancer. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI is an important element of the clinical non-invasive multiparametric MRI, which can be used to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, to stage tumors, and to monitor response to therapy. The arterial spin labeled (ASL) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted MRI have the advantage of quantitative perfusion measurements without the concerns of gadolinium-based contrast agent safety and retentio...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - October 12, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Qing Yuan, Debora Z. Recchimuzzi, Daniel N. Costa Source Type: research

MR Perfusion Imaging for Kidney Disease
Renal perfusion reflects overall function of a kidney. As an important indicator of kidney diseases, renal perfusion can be noninvasively measured by multiple methods of MR imaging, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion analysis, and arterial spin labeling method. In this article we introduce the principle of the methods, review their recent technical improvements, and then focus on summarizing recent applications of the methods in assessing various renal diseases. By this review, we demonstrate the capability and clinical potential of the imaging methods, with the hope of accelerating ...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - October 11, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: Mingyan Wu, Jeff L. Zhang Source Type: research

Perfusion Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System
Perfusion imaging is the aspect of functional imaging, which is most applicable to the musculoskeletal system. In this review, the anatomy and physiology of bone perfusion is briefly outlined as are the methods of acquiring perfusion data on MR imaging. The current clinical indications of perfusion related to the assessment of soft tissue and bone tumors, synovitis, osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, Keinbock ’s disease, diabetic foot, osteochondritis dissecans, and Paget’s disease of bone are reviewed. Challenges and opportunities related to perfusion imaging of the musculoskeletal system are also briefly addressed. ...
Source: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America - October 7, 2023 Category: Radiology Authors: James F. Griffith, Stefanie W.Y. Yip, Rianne A. van der Heijden, Raul F. Valenzuela, David K.W. Yeung Source Type: research