Registry for chronic radiation syndrome in a worker cohort of the Russian nuclear enterprise, Mayak
Production Association
A registry for chronic radiation syndrome (CRS), a deterministic effect of chronic exposure to
external and/or internal radiation at doses and dose rates exceeding thresholds for tissue
reactions, was established within a medical and dosimetry database known as ‘Clinics’, of the
Southern Urals Biophysics Institute at the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia. It
includes 2068 CRS cases: 1517 (73.4%) in males and 551 (26.6%) in females. The majority of workers
(97.9%) diagnosed with CRS at one of the main facilities of the first Russian nuclear enterprise,
Mayak Production Association, were hired in the ...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 21, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Tamara V Azizova, Maria V Bannikova, Galina V Zhuntova, Evgeniya S Grigoryeva, Maria B Moseeva and Evgeniy V Bragin Source Type: research
Impact of decontamination on individual radiation doses from external exposure among residents of
Minamisoma City after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant incident in Japan: a
retrospective observational study
Following the Fukushima incident, radiation doses from external exposure accounted for the majority
of the total doses. Although countermeasures are being implemented, with the aim of reducing
radiation exposure, little information is available on the effects of decontamination on individual
doses among the residents of radioactively contaminated areas. To evaluate the effectiveness of the
decontamination measures in reducing individual doses, and to examine the influence of the timing of
decontamination and the district, data were analysed for 18 392 adults and 3 650 children in
Minamisoma City, Fukushima, who parti...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 6, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Masaharu Tsubokura, Michio Murakami, Yoshitake Takebayashi, Shuhei Nomura, Kyoko Ono, Akihiko Ozaki, Toyoaki Sawano, Yurie Kobashi and Tomoyoshi Oikawa Source Type: research
Dosimetric dependence of ocular structures on eye size and shape for external radiation fields of
electrons, photons, and neutrons
The dosimetric dependence of ocular structures on eye size and shape was investigated within the
standard ICRP Publication 116 irradiation geometries. A realistic transport geometry was constructed
by inserting a scalable and deformable stylised eye model developed in our previous study within the
head of the ICRP Publication 110 adult male reference computational phantom. Beam irradiations of
external electrons, photons, and neutrons on this phantom were simulated using the Monte Carlo
radiation transport code PHITS in the geometries of AP, RLAT, PA and ROT. Absorbed doses in ocular
structures such as ciliary body, ...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 5, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Takuya Furuta, Daniel El Basha, Siva S R Iyer, Camilo M Correa Alfonso and Wesley E Bolch Source Type: research
Assessment of long-term risks of secondary cancer in paediatric patients with brain tumours after
boron neutron capture therapy
This study firstly explored the risks of secondary cancer in healthy organs of Chinese paediatric
patients with brain tumours after boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Three neutron beam
irradiation geometries (i.e. right lateral, top to bottom, posterior to anterior) were adopted in
treating patients with brain tumours under the clinical environment of BNCT. The concerned organs in
this study were those with high cancer morbidity in China (e.g. lung, liver and stomach). The
equivalent doses for these organs were calculated using Monte Carlo and anthropomorphic paediatric
phantoms with Chinese physiological feature...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 5, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Xinxin Zhang, Changran Geng, Xiaobin Tang, Silva Bortolussi, Diyun Shu, Chunhui Gong, Yang Han and Shaojuan Wu Source Type: research
Feasibility of fast non local means filter in pediatric chest x-ray for increasing of pulmonary
nodule detectability with 3D printed lung nodule phantom
General x-ray images have a lower probability of nodule detection than other modalities. Especially
in children, the probability of nodule detection can likely drop due to poor image quality from
using low radiation dose. To demonstrate the effectiveness of fast non-local means (FNLM) filter to
increase the probability of nodule detection in pediatric chest x-ray images and reduce radiation
dose while maintaining image quality. Quantitative assessment of normalised noise power spectrum
(NNPS), coefficient of variation (COV) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were performed after
applying four filters (median, Wiener, ...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 5, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Jina Shim, Myonggeun Yoon and Youngjin Lee Source Type: research
Simulation of H p (10) and effective dose received by the medical staff in interventional radiology
procedures
Interventional radiology and cardiology are widespread employed techniques for diagnosis and
treatment of several pathologies because they avoid the majority of the side-effects associated with
surgical treatments, but are known to increase the radiation exposure to patient and operators. In
recent years many studies treated the exposure of the operators performing cardiological procedures.
The aim of this work is to study the exposure condition of the medical staff in some selected
interventional radiology procedures. The Monte Carlo simulations have been employed with
anthropomorphic mathematical phantoms reproduci...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 5, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: P Ferrari, F Becker, Z Jovanovic, S Khan, E Bakhanova, S Principi, D Kristic, L Pierotti, F Mariotti, D Faj, T Turk, D Nikezic and M Bertolini Source Type: research
Performance of the DOSIRIS ™ eye lens dosimeter
Monitoring and protecting of occupational eye doses in interventional radiology (IR) are very
important matters. DOSIRIS ™ is the useful solution to estimate the 3 mm dose-equivalent (Hp(3)), and
it can be worn behind lead glasses. And DOSIRIS ™, adjustable according to 3 axes, it is ideally
placed as close to the eye and in contact with the skin. So, DOSIRIS ™ will be suitable eye lens
dosimeter. However, the fundamental characteristics of the DOSIRIS ™ in the diagnostic x-ray energy
domain (including that of IR x-ray systems) remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the performance of
the dosimeter in that energy...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - July 6, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Hiroki Ishii, Yoshihiro Haga, Masahiro Sota, Yohei Inaba and Koichi Chida Source Type: research
Dosimetric issues with simplified homogeneous body models in low frequency magnetic field exposure
assessment
A simplified procedure, using circular disk models with homogeneous electric conductivity as
representations for different body parts, has been proposed recently by product standard IEC 62822-3
for the assessment of magnetic field exposure in proximity to current-carrying conductors of welding
equipment. Based on such simplified models, worst case coupling coefficients CCE i (I), i.e. maximum
induced electric field strength, normalised for current and frequency, for body parts at different
distances d to straight single and double wire arrangements, as well as rectangular loop-shaped
current paths are tabulated in th...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - July 6, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Gernot Schmid, Rene Hirtl and Theodoros Samaras Source Type: research
Assessment of radiation protection and awareness level among radiation workers and members of the
public in Afghanistan —a pilot study
In this study, the level of radiation protection and awareness among radiation workers and members
of the public in Afghanistan is assessed using two different survey mechanisms. The onsite survey
conducted by the regulatory authorities covered 472 facilities while the online survey covering 1200
responses was conducted via the Survey Monkey online survey platform. Both the onsite and the online
surveys show that more than 70% of radiation workers have insufficient knowledge of radiation safety
and protection rules and regulations while more than 70% of the public just heard about radiation
from one source or another...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - July 3, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Mohammad R Tanha, Fazal Rahman Khalid and Christoph Hoeschen Source Type: research
Dosimetric response of fabricated Ge-doped optical fibres in computed tomography RQT beam quality
x-ray beams
Novel germanium (Ge)-doped silica glass fibres tailor-made in Malaysia are fast gaining recognition
as potential media for thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry, with active research ongoing into
exploitation of their various beneficial characteristics. Investigation is made herein of the
capability of these media for use in diagnostic imaging dosimetry, specifically at the radiation
dose levels typically obtained in conduct of Computed Tomography (CT). As a first step within such
efforts, there is need to investigate the performance of the fibres using tightly defined spectra,
use being made of a Philips constant potent...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - July 3, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: N N M Rais, D A Bradley, A Hashim, N M Isa, N D Osman, I Ismail, H A Hassan and N M Noor Source Type: research
Assessment of patient dose and noise level of clinical CT images: automated measurements
We investigated comparisons between patient dose and noise in pelvic, abdominal, thoracic and head
CT images using an automatic method. 113 patient images (37 pelvis, 34 abdominal, 25 thoracic, and
17 head examinations) were retrospectively and automatically examined in this study.
Water-equivalent diameter (Dw), size-specific dose estimates (SSDE) and noise were automatically
calculated from the center slice for every patient image. The Dw was calculated based on
auto-contouring of the patients ’ edges, and the SSDE was calculated as the product of the volume CT
dose index (CTDIvol) extracted from the Digital Imag...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - July 3, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Choirul Anam, Wahyu Setia Budi, Kusworo Adi, Heri Sutanto, Freddy Haryanto, Mohd Hanafi Ali, Toshioh Fujibuchi and Geoff Dougherty Source Type: research
Uncertainties associated with assessing Ontario uranium miners ’ exposure to radon daughters
The objective of
this study was to identify the contributing sources and assess the total uncertainty associated with
estimating occu... (Source: Journal of Radiological Protection)
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 11, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Garthika Navaranjan, Douglas Chambers, Patsy A Thompson, Minh Do, Colin Berriault, Paul J Villeneuve and Paul A Demers Source Type: research
A European survey on the regulatory status for the estimation of the effective dose and the
equivalent dose to the lens of the eye when radiation protection garments are used
Following the proposal of the ICRP for the reduction of the dose limit for the lens of the eye,
which has been adopted by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the European Council, concerns
have been raised about the implementation of proper dose monitoring methods as defined in national
regulations, and about the harmonisation between European countries. The European Radiation
Dosimetry Group organised a survey at the end of 2017, through a web questionnaire, regarding
national dose monitoring regulations. The questions were related to: double dosimetry, algorithms
for the estimation of the effective dose, met...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 11, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Eleftheria Carinou, Robert Kollaard, Jelena Stankovic Petrovic and Merce Ginjaume Source Type: research
Effect of the radiation protective apron on the response of active and passive personal dosemeters
used in interventional radiology and cardiology
In fluoroscopy guided interventional procedures, workers use protective garments and often two
personal dosemeters, the readings of which are used for the estimation of the effective dose;
whereas the dosemeter above the protection can be used for the estimation of the equivalent dose of
the lens of the eye. When a protective apron is worn the scattered field that reaches the dosemeter
is different from the case where no protection is used; this study analyses the changes in the
response of seven passive and eight active personal dosemeters (APDs) when they are placed above a
lead or lead equivalent garment for S-Cs ...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 4, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Merc è Ginjaume, Eleftheria Carinou, Marcin Brodecki, Isabelle Clairand, Joanna Domienik-Andrzejewska, Lukas Exner, Paolo Ferrari, Zoran Jovanović, Dragana Krstic, Sara Principi, Olivier Van Hoey and Filip Vanhavere Source Type: research
An evaluation of computed tomography dose index measurements using a pencil ionisation chamber and
small detectors
The aim of this study was to compare the values of the computed tomography dose index 100 (CTDI 100
) obtained using two small detectors (i.e. a small ionisation chamber and a small solid state
detector) with those obtained from a 100 mm pencil ionisation chamber for various input CT
parameters: beam width, kVp, mAs, pitch, and head-body phantom variation. The measurement of CTDI
100 using the 100 mm pencil chamber was carried out in a single rotation of axial mode, while the
measurement using small detectors was carried out in helical mode. The differences of CTDI 100
values obtained with two small detectors were ab...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 4, 2019 Category: Physics Authors: Choirul Anam, Toshioh Fujibuchi, Freddy Haryanto, Rena Widita, Idam Arif and Geoff Dougherty Source Type: research
