The optimisation of paediatric CT examinations in Scotland: phase one; benchmarking current
performance
To benchmark the dose from paediatric head and chest examinations on computed tomography (CT)
scanners throughout Scotland, to identify scanners that may require optimisation and to provide
optimisation advice based on the protocols from better performing scanners. Anthropomorphic phantoms
corresponding to 1, 5 and 10 year olds were sent to 50 CT scanners around Scotland. Head and chest
examinations were undertaken by local staff using local techniques on each scanner with each
phantom, and details of the protocols used were recorded. Computed tomography dose index (CTDI) vol
and dose length product (DLP) were record...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 18, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Mark Worrall, Nicola MacDonald, Rebecca Gillen, Andrew Hince, Lee Hampson, Rebecca Duguid, Stephen McCallum and David Gentle Source Type: research
Variability of indoor radon concentration in UK homes
This study investigated the variability of indoor radon concentrations in 518 100 homes in the UK.
The statistical analysis included measurements in 395 720 homes with downstairs living rooms and
upstairs bedrooms. The radon concentration in these bedrooms was found to be on average 63% of the
living room value. The analysis of 122 380 homes with living rooms and bedrooms situated on the same
floor found that there is a small difference in radon concentration of 9% between the two rooms. The
results showed that the ratios of the living room to bedroom radon concentrations were approximately
lognormally distributed. T...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 18, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Z Daraktchieva Source Type: research
Modelling of long-term retention of high-fired plutonium oxide in the human respiratory tract:
importance of scar-tissue compartments
The U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries whole-body tissue donor Case 0407 had an acute intake
of ‘high-fired’ plutonium oxide resulting from a glove-box fire in a fabrication plant at a nuclear
defence facility. The respiratory tract of this individual was dissected into five regions (larynx,
bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar-interstitial, and thoracic lymph nodes) and analysed for plutonium
content. The activities in certain compartments of the respiratory tract were found to be higher
than expected from the default models described in publications of the International Commission on
Radiological Protection. Be...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 18, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Deepesh Poudel, Maia Avtandilashvili, John A Klumpp, Luiz Bertelli and Sergei Y Tolmachev Source Type: research
Real-time simulation of accidental passive transport of radioactive pollutant from a proposed
nuclear power plant
In this study, a local
scale atmospheric dispersion problem, considering a hypothetical accidental release (1 Bq s −1 of
I-131) from a nuclear power plant is simulated with a combination of weather forecasting and
particle dispersion codes on a multiprocessor computer system. The meteorological parameters are
predicted with a weather research and forecasting (WRF) model and used in Lagrangian particle
dispersion model ... (Source: Journal of Radiological Protection)
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 18, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Idrees Ahmad, Osama Bin Muhammad, Rizwan Ahmed and Shakeel Ahmad Source Type: research
The need to update NCRP 151 data for 10 MV linear accelerator bunker shielding based on new
measurements and Monte Carlo simulations
This study examines a cohort of clinical linac bunker survey measurements and compares them
to popular shielding protocols. Differences were investigated using contemporary beam data for both
Monte Carlo simulation and in analytical equations. For primary barriers, NCRP 151 underestimates
the dose rate through concrete by on average a factor of 2 with secondary barriers and maze entrance
doses having much better agreement. Use of contemporary beam data in Monte Carlo simulation and an
analytical equation yielded TVL values much closer to the measured values compared to NCRP 151. The
TVL data... (Source: Journal of Ra...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 18, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: J Rijken, S Towns and B Healy Source Type: research
Conversion coefficients from absorbed dose to tissue to the newly proposed ICRU/ICRP operational
quantities for radiation protection for beta reference radiation qualities
The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) has, jointly with the
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), recently proposed a set of new
operational quantities for radiation protection in ICRU report 95. ICRU/ICRP supplied conversion
coefficients for mono-energetic betas but not for beta reference radiation qualities defined by the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in ISO 6980. Therefore, in this work,
conversion coefficients from absorbed dose to tissue at a depth of 0.07 mm in a slab phantom to the
newly proposed operational quantities are determine...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 18, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Rolf Behrens Source Type: research
Characteristic evaluation of a simple hand-made semiconductor dosimeter for mammography
Daily quality control of mammography equipment is important for providing optimal images and
determining appropriate doses. To popularise dosimeters, the Measurement Division, the Japanese
Society of Radiological Technology hold a seminar on making simple dosimeters. At this seminar, a
hand-made dosimeter for mammography (HD-M) can be made at low cost. However, HD-Ms employ
semiconductors, and their energy responses are subject to significant variations. This investigation
involved the determination of precautions when using HD-Ms, examining their energy response
characteristics and measurable energy ranges. HD-M has...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 15, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Erika Nakajima, Hiromi Yamashita and Hitoshi Sato Source Type: research
Adjustment of the iodine ICRP population pharmacokinetic model for the use in thyroid cancer
patients after thyroidectomy
Biokinetic models developed for healthy humans are not appropriate to describe biokinetics in
thyroid cancer patients following thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to adjust the population
model for iodine proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for the
use in these patients. Rate constants of the ICRP publication 128 model for iodine were adjusted
using the population modelling software package Monolix to describe activity retention in
whole-body, thyroid, blood and protein-bound iodine observed in 23 patients. The new set of rate
constants was compared to the four uptake scen...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 15, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Jan Taprogge, Lily Carnegie-Peake, Iain Murray, Jonathan I Gear and Glenn D Flux Source Type: research
A biokinetic model for systemic sodium
This paper describes an updated biokinetic model for systemic sodium (Na), developed for use in a
series of reports by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) on occupational
intake of radionuclides. In contrast to the ICRP ’s previous model for intake of radio-sodium by
workers, the updated model depicts realistic directions of movement of Na in the body including
recycling of activity between blood and tissues. The updated model structure facilitates extension
of the baseline transfer coefficients for adults to different age groups and to special exposure
scenarios such as transfer of radio...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 15, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Caleigh Samuels and Rich Leggett Source Type: research
Estimation of the historical radiation dose of Korean radiation workers, 1961 –1983
This study aimed to estimate the historical radiation dose before 1984 for
radiation workers in Korea based on dose reconstruction models. The dose reconstruction models were
derived from the nationwide self-administered questionnaire survey and the personal badge doses for
workers in the cohort of the Korean Radiation Worker Study. The mean estimated annual doses between
1984 and 2016 from the dose reconstruction model were 4.67 –0.6 mSv, which closely matched the
reported doses of 4.51 –0.43 mSv. The mean estimated annual doses between 1961 and 1983 based on the
exposure scenarios developed by factors associate...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - November 15, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Dalnim Lee, Won Jin Lee, Young Woo Jin, Jiyeong Kim, Soojin Park, Sunhoo Park and Songwon Seo Source Type: research
An excess of riches: the Bernard Wheatley Award for 2020
Description unavailable (Source: Journal of Radiological Protection)
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - September 5, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: M C Thorne Source Type: research
Could imaging with monochromatic x-ray beams become a reality in all our hospitals?
Description unavailable (Source: Journal of Radiological Protection)
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - September 5, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Colin J Martin Source Type: research
Optimisation of the management and regulatory supervision of nuclear decommissioning, legacy sites
and radioactively contaminated land
Description unavailable (Source: Journal of Radiological Protection)
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 23, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Malgorzata Sneve, Nataliya Shandala and Patrica Worthington Source Type: research
Building optimization into the process for decommissioning, remediation of legacy sites and
facilities, and management of the wastes arising: results of an international workshop
The coordinated organisation of decommissioning, remediation of legacy sites and facilities and
management of the resultant waste materials has long been recognized as complex, involving technical
challenges, safety and security issues, and a wide range of stakeholder interests. To help address
these matters, an international workshop was held in November 2019 in Troms ø, jointly organized by
the Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority and the Nuclear Energy Agency, in cooperation
with the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the International Atomic Energy
Agency. The workshop was the th...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 23, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Malgorzata Sneve and Per Strand Source Type: research
Comprehensive environmental monitoring during remediation of a nuclear legacy site in the Far East
of Russia
In compliance with the fundamentals of the government ’s policy on nuclear and radiation safety,
Russia is continuing to implement its national program for decommissioning its nuclear legacy. Under
this program, the State Atomic Energy Corporation, ‘Rosatom’, is carrying out decommissioning and
remediation of the Navy ’s former shore technical bases (STBs) in the Russian Far East. Along with
the ‘old problems’ accumulated during the operation of STBs in the past, new challenges arise
because of the planned intensification of radioactive waste (RW) management on the site in the
nearest future. The paper pr...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - August 23, 2021 Category: Physics Authors: Sergey Kiselev, Nataliya Shandala, Tatiana Laschenova, Vladimir Shlygin, Yuliya Zozul, Sergey Akhromeev and Tamara Gimadova Source Type: research
