The METREPOL criteria —are they still relevant?
The medical management of radiation accidents manual on the acute radiation syndrome proposed a
successful strategic approach to diagnosing and treating acute radiation syndrome: the response
category concept. Based on clinical and laboratory parameters, this approach aimed to assess damage
to critical organ systems as a function of time, categorising different therapeutical approaches.
After 20 years of its publication, the following paper attempts to provide a broad overview of this
important document and tries to respond if proposed criteria are still relevant for the medical
management of radiation-induced injuri...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 21, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Laurence Lebaron-Jacobs and Eduardo Herrera-Reyes Source Type: research
Response to Jargin
Description unavailable (Source: Journal of Radiological Protection)
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 21, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Richard Wakeford Source Type: research
Current status of eye-lens dosimetry in Canada
For occupational exposures in planned exposure situations International Commission on Radiological
Protection (ICRP) publication 118 recommends an equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye of 20
mSv yr −1 averaged over five years with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. This constitutes a
reduction from the previous limit of 150 mSv yr −1 . The Canadian nuclear regulator, the Canadian
Nuclear Safety Commission, responded to the ICRP recommendation by initiating amendments to the
Radiation Protection Regulations through a discussion paper which was published for comment by
interested stakeholders in 2013. The rev...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 21, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Jacques Dubeau, Jiansheng Sun, Salah Djeffal, Neil Leroux, Victor Golovko, Christina Dodkin and Rajesh Mistry Source Type: research
Skin dose contamination conversion coefficients. Benchmark with three simulation codes
Handling of radioactive material by operators can lead to contamination at the surface of the skin
in case of an accident. The quantification of the dose received by the skin due to a contamination
scenario is performed by means of dedicated dose coefficients as it is the case for other radiation
protection dose quantities described in the literature. However, most available coefficients do not
match realistic scenarios according to state-of-the-art of science and technology. Therefore, this
work deals with dedicated dose conversion factors for skin contamination. Since there is an
increasing demand on dose coefficie...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 20, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Thomas Frosio, Philippe Bertreix, Nabil Menaa, Samuel Thomas, Holger Eberhardt and Janis Endres Source Type: research
Computational dose evaluation on children exposed to natural radioactivity from granitic rocks used
as architectural materials
Considering the higher radiosensitivity of children in comparison to adults, studies related to
children ’s exposure to ionising radiation have been long considered of relevance. For this study,
the MCNPX2.7.0 Monte Carlo code and four paediatric voxel computational anthropomorphic phantoms, of
both genders and aged 5 and 10 years, were used to simulate scenarios, where children are exposed to
natural radiation emitted by sources in the ground by radionuclides of 40 K and of 232 Th and 238 U
radioactive series. These elements are part of the composition of ten different types of ornamental
rocks obtained from three...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 20, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: William S Santos, Lucio Pereira Neves, Walmir Belinato, Maria R Soares, Jo ão V B Valença and Ana P Perini Source Type: research
Protection and safety of a repeated dosage of KI for iodine thyroid blocking during pregnancy
In case of nuclear power plant accidents resulting in the release of radioactive iodine ( 131 I) in
large amounts, a single intake of stable iodine is recommended in order to prevent 131 I fixation to
the thyroid gland. However, in situations of prolonged exposure to 131 I (e.g. Fukushima-Daiichi
natural and nuclear disaster), repetitive administration of iodine may be necessary to ensure
adequate protection, with acceptable safety in vulnerable populations including pregnant women. Here
we conducted toxicological studies on adult rats progeny following prolonged exposure to potassium
iodide (KI) in utero . Pregnant ...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 20, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Hayat Gaouaoui-Azouaou, Bruno L ’Homme, Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud, Amandine Sache-Aloui, Romain Granger, Frederic Voyer, Philippe Lestaevel, Gaëtan Gruel, François Caire-Maurisier, Caroline Crambes, Stephanie Dare-Doyen, Marc Benderitter and Maâmar So Source Type: research
Radiation exposure in the intra-arterial nimodipine therapy of subarachnoid hemorrhage related
cerebral vasospasm
The selective intra-arterial nimodipine application for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) in
patients after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (sSAH) is widely employed. The purpose of this
study is to examine the radiation exposure and to determine local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs)
of intra-arterial nimodipine therapy. In a retrospective study design, DRLs and achievable dose (AD)
were assessed for all patients undergoing (I) selective intra-arterial nimodipine application or
(II) additional mechanical angioplasty for CVS treatment. Interventional procedures were
differentiated according to the type ...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 20, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Marcel Opitz, Sebastian Zensen, Denise Bos, Axel Wetter, Christoph Kleinschnitz, Ellen Uslar, Ramazan Jabbarli, Ulrich Sure, Alexander Radbruch, Yan Li, Nils D örner, Michael Forsting, Cornelius Deuschl and Nika Guberina Source Type: research
How much should we be concerned about cumulative effective doses in medical imaging?
The International Atomic Energy Agency issued a statement calling for action to strengthen the
radiation protection of patients undergoing recurrent imaging. This followed reports of patients
receiving cumulative effective doses over 100 mSv from multiple computed tomography examinations. In
order to evaluate excess risks of cancer incidence among UK patients, data from an exposure
management system covering three hospitals within one trust have been studied over 5 ½ years.
Cumulative effective doses for 105 757 patients, from whom 719 (0.68%) received effective dose over
100 mSv, have been analysed using age and se...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 20, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Colin J Martin and Michael Barnard Source Type: research
Reanalysis of cancer mortality using reconstructed organ-absorbed dose: J-EPISODE 1991 ‒2010
The Japanese Epidemiological Study on Low-Dose Radiation Effects (J-EPISODE) has been conducted
since 1990 by the Radiation Effects Association to analyse health effects for nuclear workers. It
uses the recorded doses, i.e. dosimeter readings, evaluated in H p (10) for estimation of radiation
risk; however, the International Commission on Radiological Protection does not recommend the use of
effective doses for epidemiological evaluation and instead recommends the use of organ-absorbed
doses for assessing cancer risk. Recently, the J-EPISODE has developed a conversion factor that can
convert dosimeter readings to org...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 20, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Hiroshige Furuta, Shin ’ichi Kudo, Noboru Ishizawa and Shin Saigusa Source Type: research
Corrigendum: Medical management of heavily exposed victims: an experience at the Tokaimura
criticality accident (2021 J. Radiol. Prot. 41 S391 [https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac270d] )
Description unavailable (Source: Journal of Radiological Protection)
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 13, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Makoto Akashi and Kazuhiko Maekawa Source Type: research
The role of empathy in ethics of radiological protection
Radiological protection is often considered a matter of scientific and technological facts only, not
of value judgements. This perception is now gradually changing, especially with ICRP Publication
138, which addressed the ethical foundation of the system of radiological protection. It identified
values which have guided the Commission ’s recommendations over the decades, but have not always been
made explicit. Four core values are discussed (beneficence/non-maleficence, prudence, justice,
dignity) as well as three procedural values (accountability, transparency, inclusivity). The latter
are considered critical to ...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 13, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Friedo Z ölzer and Neysan Zölzer Source Type: research
Cutaneous and local radiation injuries
This article will provide an overview of radiation-induced injuries to the skin,
deeper tissues, and organs. The history and nomenclature; types and causes of injuries;
pathophysiology; evaluation and diagnosis; current medical management; and current research of the
evaluation and management are presented. Cutaneous radiation injuries (CRI) or local radiation
injuries (LRI) may lead to cutaneous radiation syndrome, a sub-syndrome of ARS. These injuries may
occur from exposure to ra... (Source: Journal of Radiological Protection)
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 12, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Carol J Iddins, Andrea L DiCarlo, Mark D Ervin, Eduardo Herrera-Reyes and Ronald E Goans Source Type: research
Prediction of the irradiation doses from ultrashort laser-solid interactions using different
temperature scalings at moderate laser intensities
The ionising radiation created by high intensity and high repetition rate lasers can cause
significant radiological hazard. Earlier defined electron temperature scalings are used for dose
characterisation and prediction using Monte Carlo modelling. Dosimetric implications of different
electron temperature scalings are investigated and the resulting equivalent doses are compared. It
was found that scaling defined by Beg et al (1997 Phys. Plasmas 4 447 –57) predicts the highest
electron temperatures for given intensities, and subsequently the highest doses. The atomic number
of the target, x-ray generation efficiency...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 12, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: V Barkauskas and A Plukis Source Type: research
A review of radiation doses and associated parameters in Western Australian mining operations
(2018 –20)
In the 2019 –20 reporting period, 19 mining operations in Western Australia were identified as having
workers who were likely to be exposed to ionising radiation stemming from naturally occurring
radioactive materials, 17 of which, known hereinafter as reporting entities (REs), were required to
submit an annual report of the dose estimates of their workforce to the mining regulatory authority.
In 2018 the International Commission for Radiological Protection published the revision of the dose
coefficients (DCs) for occupational intakes of radionuclides of the uranium-238 and thorium-232
decay series, in ICRP-137 and...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 12, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Martin I Ralph and Marcus Cattani Source Type: research
The need to review low-dose decision-making in radiation protection
The current approach in the system of protection, and the way in which it is implemented in
regulation and practical application, has resulted in the allocation of significant and
disproportionate societal resources to reduce relatively low-level exposures to even lower levels.
The resulting exposure levels are often a fraction of the basic natural background level, and in
particular are comparable to, or often significantly less than, the variability of natural
background exposures due to individual decision-making, which the system of protection deems
acceptable. There are arguments for a wider approach to decision...
Source: Journal of Radiological Protection - January 12, 2022 Category: Physics Authors: Roger Coates Source Type: research
