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Clinical pharmacists in primary care general practices: evaluation of current workforce and their distribution
ConclusionsApproximately one in five general practices in England have access to a clinical pharmacist. Further research is needed to ensure wider and equitable distribution based on workforce needs and practice population demography. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - December 9, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Healthcare-associated infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of point prevalence studies
ConclusionsThe pooled point-prevalence of HAIs in Africa is more than two times higher than the rate reported in developed countries. The prevalence varied between the countries and was highest in the ICU and neonatal ICU/ward. Surgical site infection and bloodstream infection were the most common HAIs reported in African studies. Recent hospitalization, presence of  peripheral vascular catheter and having diabetes mellitus were the strongest predictors of HAIs in African studies. Most of the HAIs are preventable with appropriate infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship. Additional studies are needed espe...
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - December 9, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

A quantitative comparison of essential cardiovascular medicines from countries in the Southern African Development Community to the WHO model essential medicines list
ConclusionsThis comparison indicates that South Africa and most SADC countries are aligned with 2021 WHO EML recommendations. The inclusion of age-appropriate formulations for children as well as ARBs and SPC for the treatment of hypertension may improve patient adherence and cardiovascular outcomes in these countries. More frequent updates to NEMLs should improve consistency. NEMLs were not available for two countries, and these therefore did not form part of this study. Country health expenditure in ranking the consistency of NEMLs was not accounted for. LMICs adopting the essential medicine list strategy should consider...
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - December 8, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Impact of the increase in the number of community pharmacists on their geographical distribution in Japan: a retrospective survey
ConclusionThe increase in the number of community pharmacists has improved the distribution of community pharmacists per population, but not that per area of inhabitable land. The maldistribution of community pharmacists per area implies an imbalance in the distance between pharmacies and residents. Thus, there is need for measures to improve the distribution of community pharmacists. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - December 8, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Vaccine management practices among healthcare workers in Morogoro, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
ConclusionsHealthcare workers ’ vaccine and cold chain management knowledge were good for temperature data reading and documentation. However, the practices were poor for some health facilities. The gaps observed in this study inform health managers and policymakers toward establishing interventions to improve health workers' knowledge and practice, including mentorships, supervision, and training to guarantee that each child in all communities reaps the benefits of immunisation services. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 30, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Longitudinal study of Good Pharmacy Practice roles covered at the annual world pharmacy congresses 2003 –2019
ConclusionsGPP roles have been already covered by the FIP annual congresses (long) before 2011, when the GPP roles were formally adopted, and they stayed relevant in the decade after. The more pronounced dominance toward the roles related to improving professional performance and positioning pharmacy are in line with the trend that the rather technical topics in pharmacy are increasingly covered by specialised meetings and that the FIP annual congresses have moved toward more general, scholarly platforms for dialogue and conversation. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 28, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

A pilot assessment of the career and job satisfaction of the pharmaceutical workforce in Lebanon
ConclusionOur study findings revealed that most Lebanese fresh graduates worked as community pharmacists, which does not correspond to their preference, the available job market, and the modern pharmacy wingspan. Most pharmacists were also financially, physically, and emotionally dissatisfied due to the Lebanese economic crisis that added heavy workloads and responsibilities without any financial raise. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 28, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

The capacity of young national medicine regulatory authorities to ensure the quality of medicines: case of Rwanda
ConclusionFindings indicated that all key regulatory functions were operating and supported by the legal framework. However, the implementation of key regulatory functions faced challenges that need to be addressed for better organizational effectiveness and compliance with the requirements of a higher maturity level. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 24, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Local pharmaceutical research and development capacity in a developing country: a qualitative exploration of perspectives from key stakeholders in Ethiopia
ConclusionOverall, there is a low level of R&D capacity in local pharmaceutical industries and timely interventional strategies should be implemented through collaboration of academia, research institutions and pharmaceutical industries. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 24, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Factors affecting provision of female family planning commodities in public health facilities in Kajiado county, Kenya
ConclusionProvision of family planning commodities in public health facilities in Kajiado county is affected by stock levels at the national program, and provider knowledge on WHO MEC. The key factors affecting provision of family planning were stock outs, myths and misconceptions on the contraceptives, inadequate male involvement and inadequate community engagement on potential benefits of the service. These challenges need to be part of the solutions to bridging the gap identified. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 24, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Changes in drug demand when a pandemic coincides with other outbreaks in a war zone country: a cross-sectional pilot study
ConclusionCOVID-19 has increased the demand for many prescription and nonprescription drugs, where the irrational use of these drugs may lead to devastating health effects. In war zone areas hit by a pandemic, policymakers and public health organizations should focus on training and educating pharmacists as important health care and medicine providers for the public. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 22, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Home care nurses ’ management of high-risk medications: a cross-sectional study
ConclusionsThe study shows several gaps regarding high-risk medications care, which can imply safety risks. Implementation and evaluation of more standardized high-risk medications care, developing and implementing procedures or guidelines and providing continuous training for home care nurses are advised. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 21, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Developing and evaluating training for pharmacists to offer a pharmacy-led public health service in primary care
ConclusionsTraining delivered was well received and it enhanced participants ’ knowledge on the topic. Limitations include the small number of participating pharmacists and investigation of short-term training effects only. Due to the positive outcomes of the training, however, it has the potential to become a model for Greek pharmacists to offer different pharmacy-led pub lic health services. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 18, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

How can artificial intelligence optimize value-based contracting?
AbstractEfforts in the pharmaceutical market have been aimed at ensuring that the benefits obtained from the introduction of new therapies justify the associated costs. In recent years, drug payment models in healthcare have undergone a dramatic shift from focusing on volume (i.e., size of the target clinical population) to focusing on value (i.e., drug performance in real-world settings). In this context, value-based contracts (VBCs) were designed to align the payment of a drug to its clinical performance outside clinical trials by evaluating the effectiveness using real-word evidence (RWE). Despite their widespread imple...
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 18, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research

Using government data to understand the use and availability of medicines for hypertension and diabetes: lessons from Peru
ConclusionThe availability and proper dispensing of first-line medicines for hypertension and diabetes is an essential factor for sustainable and equitable treatment. Health care systems need to be prepared for forecasting the increasing demand of medicines for chronic diseases, but also to maintain effective medicine supply chains during humanitarian crisis like pandemics. (Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice)
Source: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice - November 18, 2022 Category: Pharmaceuticals Source Type: research