Hidden in plain sight: Working class and low-income atheists.
The current study sought to qualitatively examine the role of social class in the development of atheist identity, the experience of atheism-related minority stress, and relationships between atheists. Using a critical phenomenological design, we captured the experiences of 15 working-class and the low-income U.S. American atheists and identified five themes: Early Doubts and Establishment of Atheist Values; Diverse Experiences of Antiatheist and Class-Based Stigma; Expecting Indifference, Exercising Caution; Strategies of Concealment and Disclosure; and Atheism as an Individual, Rather Than Collective, Experience. Results...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Helping skills courses: The effects of student diversity and numeric marginalization on counseling self-efficacy, counseling self-stigma, and mental health.
We examined the effects of racial/ethnic diversity and numeric marginalization on learning outcomes (changes in counseling self-efficacy, self-stigma for seeking counseling, and mental health) with 402 students in 30 sections of helping skills classes. Students self-identified as African American, Asian, Hispanic/Latinx, Other, or White. We operationalized class diversity with the diversity index developed by Chang (1999) and numeric marginalization as the percentage of students in the class that shared a target student’s identity. Using two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM; students nested within classes), we pre...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Devalued, overdisciplined, and stereotyped: An exploration of gendered racial microaggressions among Black adolescent girls.
There is a burgeoning body of research on gendered racial microaggressions, which are subtle and everyday slights and insults based on the intersection of racism and sexism. However, much of the existing research has focused on Black adult women and less is known about the experiences of Black adolescent girls. The purpose of this study was to utilize a Black feminist and intersectionality framework to extend the research by developing a taxonomy of gendered racial microaggressions experienced by Black adolescent girls. A community sample of 33 Black adolescent girls between the ages of 14 and 17 (M = 15, SD = .92) were re...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The stench of bathroom bills and anti-transgender legislation: Anxiety and depression among transgender, nonbinary, and cisgender LGBQ people during a state referendum.
Informed by structural stigma theory, this article presents the results of two studies that explored mental health experiences of transgender, nonbinary, and gender-diverse (TNG) individuals and cisgender lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) individuals (N = 523) prior to and following a state referendum to remove gender-based protections. In the Preelection Study, a path model explored relationships among individual factors (i.e., TNG identity, history of gender-based victimization), interpersonal variables (i.e., Referendum familiarity, exposure to Referendum-related messages, sexual orientation, and gender identity-...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Group counseling change process: An adaptive spiral among positive emotions, positive relations, and emotional cultivation/regulation.
Research has provided empirical support for the effectiveness of group psychotherapy. However, we have little understanding of mechanisms that account for the effectiveness. Thus, there is a need for complex theory-driven hypotheses and analytical models to understand the complexities of change in group counseling. We used Fredrickson’s broaden-and-build theory as well as Yalom and Leszcz’s proposition about adaptive spirals as guiding frameworks. We then examined the process of how positive emotions or positive relations and emotional cultivation (regulation) reciprocally influence one another to create an upward or a...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - July 1, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Working alliance, therapist expressive skills, and client outcome in psychodynamic therapy.
We examined whether therapists’ use of expressive skills (e.g., encouraging expression of thoughts and feelings; helping clients understand the reasons behind their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors) when the WA is high, versus low, was related to client outcome in open-ended, psychodynamic treatment. Ten therapists rated the WA with their 47 clients, who rated their perceptions of helping skills, after 2,284 counseling sessions. Clients also completed the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) in reference to the week following each session. We examined time-ordered relationships by creating lagged variables for WA (T-2) and therap...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - June 28, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Savvy investments or formative endowments? Disentangling causal direction in the association between parental support and self-efficacy in STEM university students.
We examined these predictions in a four-wave longitudinal study drawing on both archival and field survey data from 350 STEM students (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) in the Philippines. Results were consistent with the bilateral perspective, in which parental support endowed children with confidence, but also children’s confidence attracted parental support in equal measure. These reciprocal relations also had implications for whether or not students persisted in their computer science degrees. The results indicate that parental endowments of confidence and parental investments of support form a virtu...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - June 28, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Patients’ individual differences in implicit and explicit expectations from the therapist as a function of attachment orientation.
Patients’ attachment orientation was found to be an important predictor of the process and outcome of psychotherapy. The present study is the first to examine whether patients’ attachment orientation toward significant others predicts their implicit and explicit expectations from the therapist, and whether this effect is moderated by the extent to which the therapist has become an attachment figure. In two studies (N = 308), we developed measures of implicit (lexical decision task) and explicit expectations from therapist, and tested the presence of individual differences in expectations as a function of the patients...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - June 28, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
“What American dream is this?”: The effect of Trump’s presidency on immigrant Latinx transgender people.
Little research has explored how transgender people are impacted by the behaviors, statements, and policies of the Trump administration. To date no scholarship has explored the experiences of immigrant Latinx transgender people during the current political climate. Using a critical intersectional qualitative framework, the present study aimed to investigate how immigrant Latinx transgender people are impacted by Trump’s administration. A community sample of 15 immigrant Latinx transgender people from a large metropolitan city in Florida participated in semistructured interviews to explore their experiences since the elec...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - June 28, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A daily diary study of minority stress and negative and positive affect among racially diverse sexual minority adolescents.
We examined the frequency of daily minority stressors and their within-person associations with negative and positive affect. We also tested the moderating effects of depressive symptomology on these associations. Sexual minority adolescents (N = 94; 35.1% were bisexual; 31.9% were gender minority; 45.2% were racial/ethnic minority), ages 12–18 years old (M = 16.1, SD = 1.5), were recruited from the community and completed a baseline questionnaire and then a 21-day daily dairy (82.5% response rate). Participants experienced at least one minority stressor, with an average of 16.96 minority stressors (SD = 18.7, Range: 0...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - June 24, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Latent profile analysis of interpersonal problems: Attachment, basic psychological need frustration, and psychological outcomes.
The purpose of this project was to identify distinct profiles of circumplex interpersonal problems, cross-validate the profiles, and examine construct validity through associations with adult attachment, basic psychological needs frustration, and psychological outcomes. Undergraduates at two universities provided survey data. In Study 1 (N = 469), latent profile analysis identified three distinct profiles of interpersonal problems. We labeled these: Flexible-Adaptive, Exploitable-Subservient, and Hostile-Avoidant. Construct validity analyses suggested the Flexible-Adaptive profile was distinguished from the other two by lo...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - June 3, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The methodological integrity of critical qualitative research: Principles to support design and research review.
This article articulates principles and practices that support methodological integrity in relation to critical qualitative research. We begin by describing 2 changes that have occurred in psychological methods over the last 15 years. (a) Building on foundational work advocating for epistemological pluralism, guidelines on how to design, review, and report qualitative and mixed methods have been advanced to support methodological integrity in keeping with a diversity of researchers’ aims and approaches. (b) There has been an increased use of critical epistemological perspectives and critical methods. In light of these ch...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Critical participatory action research: Methods and praxis for intersectional knowledge production.
Building on the conceptual foundation of articles published in the 2005 volume of the Journal of Counseling Psychology on the qualitative turn in Counseling Psychology, we write to introduce and reflect on Critical Participatory Action Research (CPAR) as an intersectional approach to knowledge production by psychologists researching alongside individuals, communities, and movements dedicated to social justice. We open with a brief review of the origins of CPAR and the epistemological commitments of this approach to inquiry. We then explore why and how participation matters, and the delicate dynamics of CPAR through various...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Exploring human action in counseling psychology: The action-project research method.
Qualitative research in counseling psychology in the last 2 decades has been characterized by the introduction and use of a range of methods and corresponding paradigms and conceptual frameworks. The action-project research method, described and updated in this article, is based on an understanding of human action as goal-directed and enacted in context: contextual action theory. We summarize this framework, prior to describing the method’s procedures for conceptualizing research problems and questions, collecting and analyzing data from dyads of participants, and presenting research findings. We also discuss recent adap...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Intersectional experiences: A mixed methods experience sampling approach to studying an elusive phenomenon.
Social scientists are increasingly interested in methodological advances that can illuminate the distinct experiences and health outcomes produced by various systems of inequality (e.g., race, gender, religion, sexual orientation). However, innovative methodological strategies are needed to (a) capture the breadth, complexity, and dynamic nature of moments co-constructed by multiple axes of power and oppression (i.e., intersectional experiences) and (b) keep pace with the increasing interest in testing links between such events and health among underresearched groups. Mixed methods designs may be particularly well suited f...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - May 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
