Cross-cultural differences in adult attachment and depression: A culturally congruent approach.
This cross-cultural study investigated a conditional indirect effect model in which country membership (South Korea or United States) and the need for approval of others (AO) were hypothesized to moderate the direct and indirect effects of attachment insecurity on depression via social self-efficacy (SSE). A total of 673 Korean university students and 401 American university students completed research questionnaires. Results indicated that Korean students endorsed a significantly higher level of AO than American students. Additionally, findings revealed that the strengths of several significant direct and indirect effects...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 14, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The myth of the safe space: Sexual orientation disparities in therapist effectiveness.
Psychotherapy has been shown to be effective on a broad level (e.g., Wampold & Imel, 2015); however, a growing body of literature has revealed that some therapists have outcome inequities within their caseloads. These inequities have been observed on the basis of social identities including race (see Imel et al., 2011, for example) and gender measured on the binary (Owen et al., 2009). However, despite the great need for further research on sexual minority populations in psychotherapy, this phenomenon has yet to be explored on the basis of sexual orientation (i.e., if a disparity exists within-therapist caseloads between q...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 14, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
A longitudinal analysis of reflective functioning and its association with psychotherapy outcome in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders.
The ability to mentalize has been discussed as potential change mechanism in psychotherapy. Reflective functioning (RF) offers an empirical framework for the assessment of mentalization in therapy sessions. In the present study, we assessed RF longitudinally and examined its association with symptomatic distress, symptom severity of depression and anxiety, and interpersonal problems over the course of treatment. Thirty-seven patients diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorders received 25 ± 3 sessions of integrative cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in an outpatient setting. The observer-rated in-session Reflective Fu...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - October 7, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Facilitating exploration in psychodynamic psychotherapy: Therapist skills and client attachment style.
We examined how much 62 adult community clients working with 26 doctoral student therapists in the 10th session of individual, open-ended, psychodynamic psychotherapy engaged in affective and cognitive-behavioral exploration preceding and following four different therapist skills (restatement, reflection of feelings, open question for thoughts, open question for feelings). Overall, therapists used more skills focused on thoughts than feelings. At the between-therapists level, therapists tended to use more skills focused on affect when antecedent client affective exploration was high. An increase in affective exploration wa...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - September 30, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The anger-depression mechanism in dynamic therapy: Experiencing previously avoided anger positively predicts reduction in depression via working alliance and insight.
This study was embedded into a randomized trial testing the efficacy of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) for treatment resistant depression. In-session patient affect experiencing (AE) was coded for every available session (475/481) by blinded observers in 27 patients randomized to ISTDP. Dynamic Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine within-person associations between variation in depression scores session-by-session and both patient ratings (alliance) and observer ratings (AE and insight) of the treatment process. Alliance and insight were independent mediators of the effect of anger on next-s...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - September 30, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Awareness, social cognition, and commitment: Developing a social justice orientation in psychology training programs.
This study investigates how the awareness of social inequities and racism may serve as a foundation for psychology trainees’ social justice self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, interests, and commitment. Using the social-cognitive justice developmental framework proposed by Miller et al. (2009), a total of 222 participants were recruited from accredited applied psychology programs across the United States. Participants completed measures assessing their levels of two dimensions of critical consciousness: Egalitarianism and awareness of inequality (Diemer et al., 2017), their colorblind racial attitudes (Neville e...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - September 30, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The Fat Acceptance Scale: Development and initial validation.
The fat acceptance movement arose to combat the widespread stigmatization of fatness and fat people through personal liberation and political activism. Support for the movement and its underlying ideology has grown rapidly over the past three decades; however, a self-report measure of fat acceptance with strong psychometric properties has not yet been developed. The current studies aimed to develop the Fat Acceptance Scale (FAS), a measure of fat-accepting beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that was designed to be appropriate for use with people of all sizes. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis (n = 266) and confirmator...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - September 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Center effects, therapist effects, and international student clients’ drop out from psychotherapy.
In 2019–2020, 1,075,496 international students pursued higher education in the United States. Many of these students endure unique experiences of psychological distress that accompanies their shared experience of studying abroad in the United States. Researchers have explored clinical experiences within this diverse group, with some suggesting that international students are at greater risk than students from the United States for dropping out of psychotherapy. This issue is underexplored in the extant psychotherapy literature. Therefore, we used a large, national data set and multilevel analyses to test if international...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - September 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
The triadic effect: Associations among the supervisory working alliance, therapeutic working alliance, and therapy session evaluation.
We examined supervisor and therapist trainee ratings of supervisory working alliance (SWA) in 1 week predicting client-rated therapeutic working alliance (TWA) and client-rated therapy session evaluation (TSE) in the following week as well as TWA and TSE ratings in 1 week predicting SWA ratings in the following week. Our data included 663 weeks of therapy nested within 28 trainees nested within 15 supervisors, disaggregated into differences between supervisors, differences within supervisors, and differences within trainees. At the between-supervisor level, when supervisors’ trainees rated the SWA higher on average compa...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - September 27, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Understanding interdependence of patients’ and therapists’ affect experiencing: Examination at sample and individual difference levels.
The importance of interdependence processes of patients’ and therapists’ affect experiences (AEs) over the course of treatment has been highlighted by numerous therapeutic orientations. Yet, most studies have focused on snapshot observations and there is a dearth of knowledge regarding session-to-session patient-therapist AE interdependence, through which the dynamics of AE across treatment can be explored. Using actor-partner interdependence model analysis in a sample of 70 patient–therapist dyads across 16 sessions of psychodynamic treatment, the present study investigated whether (a) at the sample level, patientsâ...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - September 2, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Perfectionistic concerns and psychological distress: The role of spontaneous emotion regulation during college students’ experience with failure.
This study was designed to determine (a) whether spontaneous emotion regulation mediates the relation between an experimentally induced experience of failure and distress and (b) whether perfectionistic concerns moderate this indirect effect. College students (N = 165) completed self-reports of perfectionistic concerns and past-week affect. They then completed one of the two anagram tasks that induced either a high degree of failure or a low degree of failure. Finally, spontaneous emotion regulation during the anagram task and post-task affect was measured. Spontaneous use of cognitive reappraisal mediated a positive indir...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - August 26, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Anxious attachment improves and is predicted by anxiety sensitivity in internet-based, guided self-help cognitive behavioral treatment for panic disorder.
We examined changes in anxious and avoidant attachment and their time-lagged (1 week), longitudinal relationship with panic-related constructs in patients participating in ICBT (n = 79) in an open trial. Anxious attachment scores improved significantly with a medium effect during ICBT, d = 0.76 [0.45, 1.08]. According to benchmark analyses, changes were similar to the magnitude of change in face-to-face CBT and final scores to values of a nonclinical sample. Additionally, similar to findings in face-to-face CBT for panic disorder, longitudinal time analyses revealed that anxiety sensitivity scores predicted later improveme...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - August 19, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
An intersectional approach to understanding LGBTQ+ people of color’s access to LGBTQ+ community resilience.
Resiliency research suggests that connection to LGBTQ + communities helps mitigate the negative impacts of oppression (i.e., community resilience). However, due to various interlocking systems of oppression, those with multiple marginalized identities [i.e., LGBTQ + people of color (POC)] may not have equal access to LGBTQ + community resilience resources. Despite the growing body of literature, little research has explored LGBTQ + POC’s experiences with the LGBTQ + community from an intersectional framework to critique systems of oppression and provide implications for social justice. Fourteen LGBTQ + POC participated i...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - August 16, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Separating the effects of improvements and deteriorations in mechanisms on outcome using the asymmetric effects model.
Conclusions: Findings confirm the utility of the Asymmetric Fixed Effect model across two cross-national samples in showing that alliance deteriorations and improvements can predict next session symptoms separately at the within-person level. Findings raise new questions regarding the use of detrending in within-patient mechanism of change studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology)
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - August 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Depression and mentalizing: A psychodynamic therapy process study.
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between changes in depressive symptoms and the capacity to mentalize over the course of a 3-month inpatient psychodynamic therapy in a sample of 56 patients with depression. Depressive symptoms and mentalizing were assessed weekly during treatment and at 1-year follow-up with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ). Data were analyzed using Latent Growth Curve (LGC) modeling with structured residuals. In the total sample, depressive symptoms improved on average from baseline to the end of treatment, while mentalizing skills did not...
Source: Journal of Counseling Psychology - August 5, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
