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Human lower leg muscles grow asynchronously
In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advances in artificial intelligence methods (deep learning) for medical image segmentation to investigate whether human lower leg muscles grow in synchrony. Muscle volumes were measured in 10 lower leg muscles in 208 typically developing children (eight infants aged less than 3 months and 200 children aged 5 to 15 years). We tested the hypothesis that human lower leg muscles grow synchronously by investigating whether the volume of individual lower leg muscles, expressed as a proportion of total lower leg muscle volume, remains constant with age. There were substa...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 2, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Brian V Y Chow Catherine Morgan Caroline Rae David I Warton Iona Novak Suzanne Davies Ann Lancaster Gordana C Popovic Rodrigo R N Rizzo Claudia Y Rizzo Maria Kyriagis Robert D Herbert Bart Bolsterlee Source Type: research

The cardiorespiratory system of miniature frogs
J Anat. 2023 Oct 28. doi: 10.1111/joa.13965. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTAnurans of the genus Brachycephalus are among the smallest vertebrates in the world, due to an extreme process of miniaturization. As an example of this process, Brachycephalus species show loss of fingers, loss of the eardrum and middle ear, bone fusions, and the presence of paravertebral plates and parotic plaque. However, no studies addressing the consequences of miniaturization on internal organs, such as the lungs and heart, are currently available. Thus, this study aimed to investigate if overall small body size has affected the cardiorespirat...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - October 28, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Andres Santiago Carrasco-Medina Raquel Fernanda Salla Antonio Sebben H élio Ricardo da Silva Fl ávio Dias Passos Lu ís Felipe Toledo Raoni Rebou ças Source Type: research

Twisted orientation of the muscle bundles in the levator ani functional parts in women: Implications for pelvic floor support mechanism
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the anatomical features of the levator ani muscle. The levator ani is a critical component of the pelvic floor; however, its intricate anatomy and functionality are poorly understood. Understanding the precise anatomy of the levator ani is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of pelvic floor disorders. Previous studies have been limited by the lack of comprehensive three-dimensional analyses; to overcome this limitation, we analysed the levator ani muscle using a novel 3D digitised muscle-mapping approach based on layer-by-layer dissection. From thi...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - October 27, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Satoru Muro Shoko Moue Keiichi Akita Source Type: research

Diving into dual functionality: Swim bladder muscles in lionfish for buoyancy and sonic capabilities
In this study, we investigate the functions of the muscles associated with the swim bladder in different Pteroinae (lionfish) species. Our results indicate that Pterois volitans, P. radiata and Dendrochirus zebra are able to produce long low-frequency hums when disturbed. The deliberate movements of the fin spines during sound production suggest that these sounds may serve as aposematic signals. In P. volitans and P. radiata, hums can be punctuated by intermittent louder pulses called knocks. Analysis of sonic features, morphology, electromyography and histology strongly suggest that these sounds are most likely produced b...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - October 27, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Eric Parmentier Anthony Herrel Marine Banse Heidie Hornstra Fr édéric Bertucci David Lecchini Source Type: research

Winter meeting of the Anatomical Society, Nottingham 2023: A focus on anatomy education
J Anat. 2023 Oct 16. doi: 10.1111/joa.13957. Online ahead of print.NO ABSTRACTPMID:37846190 | DOI:10.1111/joa.13957 (Source: Journal of Anatomy)
Source: Journal of Anatomy - October 17, 2023 Category: Anatomy Source Type: research