The changing morphology of the ventricular walls of mouse and human with increasing gestation
J Anat. 2024 Jan 29. doi: 10.1111/joa.14017. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThat the highly trabeculated ventricular walls of the developing embryos transform to the arrangement during the fetal stages, when the mural architecture is dominated by the thickness of the compact myocardium, has been explained by the coalescence of trabeculations, often erroneously described as 'compaction'. Recent data, however, support differential rates of growth of the trabecular and compact layers as the major driver of change. Here, these processes were assessed quantitatively and visualized in standardized views. We used a larger dataset ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 29, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bjarke Jensen Yun Hee Chang Simon D Bamforth Timothy Mohun David Sedmera Martin Bartos Robert H Anderson Source Type: research

Temporal involvement of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase γ in differentiation of Z-bands and myofilament bundles as well as intercalated discs in mouse heart at mid-gestation
J Anat. 2024 Jan 26. doi: 10.1111/joa.14008. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConsidering the occurrence of serious heart failure in a gene knockout mouse of PIP5Kγ and in congenital abnormal cases in humans in which the gene was defective as reported by others, the present study attempted to localize PIP5Kγ in the heart during prenatal stages. It was done on the basis of the supposition that phenotypes caused by gene mutation of a given molecule are owed to the functional deterioration of selective cellular sites normally expressing it at significantly higher levels in wild mice. PIP5Kγ-immunoreactivity was the highest in...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 26, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: A Ratchatasunthorn H Sakagami H Kondo W Hipkaeo S Chomphoo Source Type: research

Comparative analysis of craniofacial shape in two mouse models of Down syndrome: Ts65Dn and TcMAC21
J Anat. 2024 Jan 24. doi: 10.1111/joa.14012. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTMouse models are central to studying and understanding the genotypic-to-phenotypic outcomes of Down syndrome (DS), a complex condition caused by an extra copy of the long arm of human chromosome 21. The recently developed TcMAC21-a transchromosomic mouse strain with comparable gene dosage to human chromosome 21 (Hsa21)-includes more Hsa21 genes than any other model of DS. Recent studies on TcMAC21 have provided valuable insight into the molecular, physiological, and neuroanatomical aspects of the model. However, relatively little is known about the ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 24, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Nandini Singh Joan T Richtsmeier Roger H Reeves Source Type: research

Sirenomelia: An anatomical assessment and genetic sex determination of two cases
J Anat. 2024 Jan 24. doi: 10.1111/joa.14015. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe etiology of sirenomelia is currently unknown. Data are limited in comparing external and internal abnormalities using modern imaging technologies and molecular genetic analysis. The purpose of the current study was designed to compare external and internal anatomical defects in two cases of sirenomelia and Potter's sequence. Considered rare, Potter's sequence is a fetal disorder with characteristic features of bilateral renal agenesis, obstructive uropathy, atypical facial appearance, and limb malformations. The internal and external malformatio...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 24, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Stephanie L Vander Pol Jennifer J MacKenzie Karen J Harrison Conrad W Reifel Roger M L Smith Logan Bale Stephen C Pang Sherry A M Taylor Source Type: research

Fibroblast growth factor signalling regulates the development of tooth root
J Anat. 2024 Jan 22. doi: 10.1111/joa.14014. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling plays a crucial role in the morphogenesis of multiple tissues including teeth. While the role of the signal has been studied in tooth crown development, little is known about root development. Of several FGF ligands involved in hard tissue formation, we suggest that FGF18 regulates the development of murine tooth roots. We implanted FGF18-soaked heparin beads into the lower first molar tooth buds at postnatal day 6 (P6), followed by transplantation under the kidney capsule. After 3 weeks, FGF18 significantly...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 23, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Chengxue Jin Noritaka Adachi Yuki Yoshimoto Aino Sasabuchi Nobuyuki Kawashima Masato S Ota Sachiko Iseki Source Type: research

Age-dependent change and intraskeletal variability in secondary osteons of elderly Australians
This study evaluates age-related histomorphometric changes in three different bones intra-individually in a modern Australian sample. Four female and 13 male elderly Australian adult donors (67-93 years) were examined for osteon population density (OPD), osteon area (On.Ar), and Haversian canal area (H.Ar) of secondary osteons to compare between femora, ribs, and humeri and assess against age. In the pooled sex sample, no statistically significant correlations were observed between age and each histological variable. In the males, OPD of the femur increased significantly with age, as did porosity in the rib. In the male hu...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 19, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Lucille T Pedersen Justyna Miszkiewicz Lit Chien Cheah Anna Willis Kate M Domett Source Type: research

Forelimb muscle activation patterns in American alligators: Insights into the evolution of limb posture and powered flight in archosaurs
J Anat. 2024 Jan 19. doi: 10.1111/joa.14011. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe evolution of archosaurs provides an important context for understanding the mechanisms behind major functional transformations in vertebrates, such as shifts from sprawling to erect limb posture and the acquisition of powered flight. While comparative anatomy and ichnology of extinct archosaurs have offered insights into musculoskeletal and gait changes associated with locomotor transitions, reconstructing the evolution of motor control requires data from extant species. However, the scarcity of electromyography (EMG) data from the forelimb, esp...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 19, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Masaya Iijima Christopher J Mayerl V David Munteanu Richard W Blob Source Type: research

Functional anatomy of the orbit in strabismus surgery: Connective tissues, pulleys, and the modern surgical implications of the "arc of contact" paradigm
In conclusion, this manuscript serves as a testament to the ever-evolving nature of scientific knowledge. Challenging established norms and introducing fresh perspectives pave the way for more effective and informed clinical interventions in strabismus surgery.PMID:38243145 | DOI:10.1111/joa.14009 (Source: Journal of Anatomy)
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 19, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Paulo Freitas-da-Costa Maria Dulce Madeira Source Type: research

Comparative morphology of oral glands in snakes of the family Homalopsidae reveals substantial variation and additional independent origins of salt glands within Serpentes
J Anat. 2024 Jan 18. doi: 10.1111/joa.14005. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTUsing diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), we examined the morphology of the oral glands of 12 species of the family Homalopsidae. Snakes of this family exhibit substantial interspecific morphological variation in their oral glands. Particular variables are the venom glands, ranging from large (e.g., Subsessor bocourti) to small (e.g., Erpeton tentaculatum). The supra- and infralabial glands are more uniform in morphology, being the second most developed in almost all the sampled species. Premaxillary glands distin...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 18, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Leonardo de Oliveira David J Gower Mark Wilkinson Marion Segall Source Type: research

The anatomy and feeding mechanism of the Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus)
In this study, we explore the asymmetric jaw movements in A. japonicus using three methods: (1) dissection of musculoskeletal structures; (2) filming of feeding behaviour to understand in which situations asymmetric feeding is used; (3) analysis of 3D movement of jaws and skull. In the third component, fresh (from frozen) specimens of A. japonicus were manipulated to replicate asymmetric and symmetric jaw movements, with the specimens CT scanned after each step to obtain the 3D morphology of the jaws at different positions. These positions were combined and their Euler angles from resting (closed) jaw position were calcula...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 13, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ryoko Matsumoto Shin-Ichi Fujiwara Susan E Evans Source Type: research

ArUco-based stylus reliability for reproductible 3D digitalisation of shoulder cartilage contours
J Anat. 2024 Jan 12. doi: 10.1111/joa.13987. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTImaging techniques in anatomy have developed rapidly over the last decades through the emergence of various 3D scanning systems. Depending on the dissection level, non-contact or tactile contact methods can be applied on the targeted structure. The aim of this study was to assess the inter and intra-observer reproducibility of an ArUco-based localisation stylus, that is, a manual technique on a hand-held stylus. Ten fresh-frozen, unembalmed adult arms were used to digitalise the glenoid cartilage related to the glenohumeral joint and the contour of ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 12, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Florent Moissenet Christian Elmo Kulanesan Kevin Co Pablo Rodriguez Pierre Vacher Jean-Yves Beaulieu Nicolas Holzer Source Type: research

Inner ear morphology in wild versus laboratory house mice
J Anat. 2024 Jan 12. doi: 10.1111/joa.13998. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe semicircular canals of the inner ear are involved in balance and velocity control. Being crucial to ensure efficient mobility, their morphology exhibits an evolutionary conservatism attributed to stabilizing selection. Release of selection in slow-moving animals has been argued to lead to morphological divergence and increased inter-individual variation. In its natural habitat, the house mouse Mus musculus moves in a tridimensional space where efficient balance is required. In contrast, laboratory mice in standard cages are severely restricted i...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 12, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Sabrina Renaud L éa Amar Pascale Chevret Caroline Romestaing Jean-Pierre Qu éré Corinne R égis Renaud Lebrun Source Type: research

Population trends in human rib cross-sectional shapes
This study provides human rib shape data collected from chest CT scans of 240 females and males across the full adult age range. A cortical bone mapping algorithm extracted cross-sectional geometry from scans in terms of local periosteal position with respect to the central rib axis and local cortex thickness. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimensionality of these cross-sectional shape data. Linear regression found significant associations between principal component scores and subject demographics (sex, age, height, and weight) at all rib levels, and predicted scores were used to explore the expected ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 11, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Sven A Holcombe Yuan Huang Brian A Derstine Source Type: research

Oldies, but goldies-preserved morphology and stability of antigenic determinants in decades-old cryosections of human m. vastus lateralis
J Anat. 2024 Jan 7. doi: 10.1111/joa.14003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFibre typing by immunohistochemistry on cryosections from human skeletal muscle biopsies is an essential tool in the diagnosis and research of muscular diseases, ageing, and responses to exercise training and disuse. Preserving a good quality in these frozen specimens can be challenging especially if they are stored for longer periods before histological processing, which is often the case in studies with a large number of test subjects and/or repeated sampling separated by multiple years. We demonstrate in this article that both, the morphology and ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 7, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bettina Hutz Hans Degens Marko T Korhonen Source Type: research

Oldies, but goldies-preserved morphology and stability of antigenic determinants in decades-old cryosections of human m. vastus lateralis
J Anat. 2024 Jan 7. doi: 10.1111/joa.14003. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTFibre typing by immunohistochemistry on cryosections from human skeletal muscle biopsies is an essential tool in the diagnosis and research of muscular diseases, ageing, and responses to exercise training and disuse. Preserving a good quality in these frozen specimens can be challenging especially if they are stored for longer periods before histological processing, which is often the case in studies with a large number of test subjects and/or repeated sampling separated by multiple years. We demonstrate in this article that both, the morphology and ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - January 7, 2024 Category: Anatomy Authors: Bettina Hutz Hans Degens Marko T Korhonen Source Type: research