Axillary arch (of Langer): A large-scale dissection and simulation study based on unembalmed cadavers of body donors
J Anat. 2023 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/joa.13976. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTConnective or muscular tissue crossing the axilla is named axillary arch (of Langer). It is known to complicate axillary surgery and to compress nerves and vessels transiting from the axilla to the arm. Our study aims at systematically researching the frequency, insertions, tissue composition and dimension of axillary arches in a large cohort of individuals with regard to gender and bilaterality. In addition, it aims at evaluating the ability of axillary arches to cause compression of the axillary neurovascular bundle. Four hundred axillae from 200 ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 15, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Jeremias T Weninger Paata Pruidze Giorgi Didava Tobias Rossmann Stefan H Geyer Stefan Meng Wolfgang J Weninger Source Type: research
The presence of a foramen of Luschka in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and the continuity of the intraventricular and subdural spaces
J Anat. 2023 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/joa.13972. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTIn humans and most mammals, there is a notch-like portal, the foramen of Luschka (or lateral foramen), which connects the lumen of the fourth ventricle with the subdural space. Gross dissection, light and scanning electron microscopy, and μCT analysis revealed the presence of a foramen of Luschka in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). In this species, the foramen of Luschka is a notch in the dorsolateral wall of the pons immediately caudal to the peduncular base of the cerebellum, near the rostral end of the telovelar membrane over...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 15, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ethan Taylor Michael Cramberg Seth Parker Anchal Scott Stephanie Sopko Annelise Swords Bruce A Young Source Type: research
Is thoracolumbar fascia shear-wave modulus affected by active and passive knee flexion?
J Anat. 2023 Nov 15. doi: 10.1111/joa.13977. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of passive and active knee flexion efforts on the stiffness of the thoracolumbar (TLF), semitendinosus (STF), and semimembranosus fascia (SMF). Fourteen young healthy males participated in this study. Using ultrasound shear-wave elastography, fascia elastic modulus was measured at rest (passive condition) and during submaximal isometric knee flexion efforts (active condition) with the hip at neutral position and the knee flexed at 0°, 45°, and 90°. Analysis of variance designs indicated that whe...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 15, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Eleftherios Kellis Afxentios Kekelekis Eleni E Drakonaki Source Type: research
Development of the arterial roots and ventricular outflow tracts
J Anat. 2023 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/joa.13973. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe separation of the outflow tract of the developing heart into the systemic and pulmonary arterial channels remains controversial and poorly understood. The definitive outflow tracts have three components. The developing outflow tract, in contrast, has usually been described in two parts. When the tract has exclusively myocardial walls, such bipartite description is justified, with an obvious dogleg bend separating proximal and distal components. With the addition of non-myocardial walls distally, it becomes possible to recognise three parts. The ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 14, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Robert H Anderson Wouter H Lamers Jill P J M Hikspoors Timothy J Mohun Simon D Bamforth Bill Chaudhry Lorraine Eley Janet Kerwin Moira Crosier Deborah J Henderson Source Type: research
Development of the arterial roots and ventricular outflow tracts
J Anat. 2023 Nov 13. doi: 10.1111/joa.13973. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe separation of the outflow tract of the developing heart into the systemic and pulmonary arterial channels remains controversial and poorly understood. The definitive outflow tracts have three components. The developing outflow tract, in contrast, has usually been described in two parts. When the tract has exclusively myocardial walls, such bipartite description is justified, with an obvious dogleg bend separating proximal and distal components. With the addition of non-myocardial walls distally, it becomes possible to recognise three parts. The ...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 14, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Robert H Anderson Wouter H Lamers Jill P J M Hikspoors Timothy J Mohun Simon D Bamforth Bill Chaudhry Lorraine Eley Janet Kerwin Moira Crosier Deborah J Henderson Source Type: research
Strain-mode-specific mechanical testing and the interpretation of bone adaptation in the deer calcaneus
J Anat. 2023 Nov 12. doi: 10.1111/joa.13971. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe artiodactyl (deer and sheep) calcaneus is a model that helps in understanding how many bones achieve anatomical optimization and functional adaptation. We consider how the dorsal and plantar cortices of these bones are optimized in quasi-isolation (the conventional view) versus in the context of load sharing along the calcaneal shaft by "tension members" (the plantar ligament and superficial digital flexor tendon). This load-sharing concept replaces the conventional view, as we have argued in a recent publication that employs an advanced analyti...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 12, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: John G Skedros Michael R Dayton Roy D Bloebaum Kent N Bachus John T Cronin Source Type: research
Intracortical remodelling increases in highly loaded bone after exercise cessation
J Anat. 2023 Nov 12. doi: 10.1111/joa.13969. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTResorption within cortices of long bones removes excess mass and damaged tissue and increases during periods of reduced mechanical loading. Returning to high-intensity exercise may place bones at risk of failure due to increased porosity caused by bone resorption. We used point-projection X-ray microscopy images of bone slices from highly loaded (metacarpal, tibia) and minimally loaded (rib) bones from 12 racehorses, 6 that died during a period of high-intensity exercise and 6 that had a period of intense exercise followed by at least 35 days of res...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 12, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Raniere Gaia Costa da Silva Tsim Christopher Sun Ambika Prasad Mishra Alan Boyde Michael Doube Christopher Michael Riggs Source Type: research
Distribution of nerve endings in human thumb interphalangeal joint
This study aims to quantitatively analyze the distribution of encapsulated nerve endings in the human thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint capsule. There are three types of nerve endings. Type-I nerve endings (Ruffini-like ending) sense pressure changes, Type II (Pacini-like ending) nerve endings contribute to the kinesthetic sense, and Type III (Golgi-like ending) nerve ending provides proprioceptive information. We dissected five right thumbs IP joints from freshly frozen cadavers (5 men). The mean age of the cadavers at the time of death was 63.4 years (55-73). Sections were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin and antiprotei...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 10, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Baver Acar Melih Unal Hasan May Serra Ozturk Gamze Tanr ıover Muzaffer S ındel Source Type: research
Distribution of nerve endings in human thumb interphalangeal joint
This study aims to quantitatively analyze the distribution of encapsulated nerve endings in the human thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint capsule. There are three types of nerve endings. Type-I nerve endings (Ruffini-like ending) sense pressure changes, Type II (Pacini-like ending) nerve endings contribute to the kinesthetic sense, and Type III (Golgi-like ending) nerve ending provides proprioceptive information. We dissected five right thumbs IP joints from freshly frozen cadavers (5 men). The mean age of the cadavers at the time of death was 63.4 years (55-73). Sections were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin and antiprotei...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 10, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Baver Acar Melih Unal Hasan May Serra Ozturk Gamze Tanr ıover Muzaffer S ındel Source Type: research
Distribution of nerve endings in human thumb interphalangeal joint
This study aims to quantitatively analyze the distribution of encapsulated nerve endings in the human thumb interphalangeal (IP) joint capsule. There are three types of nerve endings. Type-I nerve endings (Ruffini-like ending) sense pressure changes, Type II (Pacini-like ending) nerve endings contribute to the kinesthetic sense, and Type III (Golgi-like ending) nerve ending provides proprioceptive information. We dissected five right thumbs IP joints from freshly frozen cadavers (5 men). The mean age of the cadavers at the time of death was 63.4 years (55-73). Sections were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin and antiprotei...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 10, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Baver Acar Melih Unal Hasan May Serra Ozturk Gamze Tanr ıover Muzaffer S ındel Source Type: research
What do brain endocasts tell us? A comparative analysis of the accuracy of sulcal identification by experts and perspectives in palaeoanthropology
J Anat. 2023 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/joa.13966. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPalaeoneurology is a complex field as the object of study, the brain, does not fossilize. Studies rely therefore on the (brain) endocranial cast (often named endocast), the only available and reliable proxy for brain shape, size and details of surface. However, researchers debate whether or not specific marks found on endocasts correspond reliably to particular sulci and/or gyri of the brain that were imprinted in the braincase. The aim of this study is to measure the accuracy of sulcal identification through an experiment that reproduces the conditi...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 7, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Nicole Labra Aur élien Mounier Yann Leprince Denis Rivi ère M élanie Didier Eric Bardinet Mathieu D Santin Jean Fran çois Mangin Andr éa Filippo Lou Albessard-Ball Am élie Beaudet Douglas Broadfield Emiliano Bruner Kristian J Carlson Zachary Cofran Source Type: research
What do brain endocasts tell us? A comparative analysis of the accuracy of sulcal identification by experts and perspectives in palaeoanthropology
J Anat. 2023 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/joa.13966. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPalaeoneurology is a complex field as the object of study, the brain, does not fossilize. Studies rely therefore on the (brain) endocranial cast (often named endocast), the only available and reliable proxy for brain shape, size and details of surface. However, researchers debate whether or not specific marks found on endocasts correspond reliably to particular sulci and/or gyri of the brain that were imprinted in the braincase. The aim of this study is to measure the accuracy of sulcal identification through an experiment that reproduces the conditi...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 7, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Nicole Labra Aur élien Mounier Yann Leprince Denis Rivi ère M élanie Didier Eric Bardinet Mathieu D Santin Jean Fran çois Mangin Andr éa Filippo Lou Albessard-Ball Am élie Beaudet Douglas Broadfield Emiliano Bruner Kristian J Carlson Zachary Cofran Source Type: research
What do brain endocasts tell us? A comparative analysis of the accuracy of sulcal identification by experts and perspectives in palaeoanthropology
J Anat. 2023 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/joa.13966. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPalaeoneurology is a complex field as the object of study, the brain, does not fossilize. Studies rely therefore on the (brain) endocranial cast (often named endocast), the only available and reliable proxy for brain shape, size and details of surface. However, researchers debate whether or not specific marks found on endocasts correspond reliably to particular sulci and/or gyri of the brain that were imprinted in the braincase. The aim of this study is to measure the accuracy of sulcal identification through an experiment that reproduces the conditi...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 7, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Nicole Labra Aur élien Mounier Yann Leprince Denis Rivi ère M élanie Didier Eric Bardinet Mathieu D Santin Jean Fran çois Mangin Andr éa Filippo Lou Albessard-Ball Am élie Beaudet Douglas Broadfield Emiliano Bruner Kristian J Carlson Zachary Cofran Source Type: research
Human lower leg muscles grow asynchronously
In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advances in artificial intelligence methods (deep learning) for medical image segmentation to investigate whether human lower leg muscles grow in synchrony. Muscle volumes were measured in 10 lower leg muscles in 208 typically developing children (eight infants aged less than 3 months and 200 children aged 5 to 15 years). We tested the hypothesis that human lower leg muscles grow synchronously by investigating whether the volume of individual lower leg muscles, expressed as a proportion of total lower leg muscle volume, remains constant with age. There were substa...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 2, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Brian V Y Chow Catherine Morgan Caroline Rae David I Warton Iona Novak Suzanne Davies Ann Lancaster Gordana C Popovic Rodrigo R N Rizzo Claudia Y Rizzo Maria Kyriagis Robert D Herbert Bart Bolsterlee Source Type: research
Human lower leg muscles grow asynchronously
In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advances in artificial intelligence methods (deep learning) for medical image segmentation to investigate whether human lower leg muscles grow in synchrony. Muscle volumes were measured in 10 lower leg muscles in 208 typically developing children (eight infants aged less than 3 months and 200 children aged 5 to 15 years). We tested the hypothesis that human lower leg muscles grow synchronously by investigating whether the volume of individual lower leg muscles, expressed as a proportion of total lower leg muscle volume, remains constant with age. There were substa...
Source: Journal of Anatomy - November 2, 2023 Category: Anatomy Authors: Brian V Y Chow Catherine Morgan Caroline Rae David I Warton Iona Novak Suzanne Davies Ann Lancaster Gordana C Popovic Rodrigo R N Rizzo Claudia Y Rizzo Maria Kyriagis Robert D Herbert Bart Bolsterlee Source Type: research
