JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology 
This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.
This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.Perceptual Weighting of Binaural Lateralization Cues across Frequency Bands
AbstractThe auditory system uses interaural time and level differences (ITD and ILD) as cues to localize and lateralize sounds. The availability of ITDs and ILDs in the auditory system is limited by neural phase-locking and by the head size, respectively. Although the frequency-specific limitations are well known, the relative contribution of ITDs and ILDs in individual frequency bands in broadband stimuli is unknown. To determine these relative contributions, or spectral weights, listeners were asked to lateralize stimuli consisting of eleven simultaneously presented 1-ERB-wide noise bands centered between 442 and 5544 ...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - September 10, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Correlating Cochlear Morphometrics from Parnell ’s Mustached Bat ( Pteronotus parnellii ) with Hearing
AbstractMorphometric analysis of the inner ear of mammals can provide information for cochlear frequency mapping, a species-specific designation of locations in the cochlea at which different sound frequencies are encoded. Morphometric variation occurs in the hair cells of the organ of Corti along the cochlea, with the base encoding the highest frequency sounds and the apex encoding the lowest frequencies. Changes in cell shape and spacing can yield additional information about the biophysical basis of cochlear tuning mechanisms. Here, we investigate how morphometric analysis of hair cells in mammals can be used to predict...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - September 8, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Effect of the Relative Timing between Same-Polarity Pulses on Thresholds and Loudness in Cochlear Implant Users
AbstractThe effect of the relative timing between pairs of same-polarity monophasic pulses has been studied extensively in single-neuron animal studies and has revealed fundamental properties of the neurons. For human cochlear implant listeners, the requirement to use charge-balanced stimulation and the typical use of symmetric, biphasic pulses limits such measures, because currents of opposite polarities interact at the level of the neural membrane. Here, we propose a paradigm to study same-polarity summation of currents while keeping the stimulation charge-balanced within a short time window. We used pairs of mirrored ps...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - August 23, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
The Effect of Phantom Stimulation and Pseudomonophasic Pulse Shapes on Pitch Perception by Cochlear Implant Listeners
AbstractIt has been suggested that a specialized high-temporal-acuity brainstem pathway can be activated by stimulating more apically in the cochlea than is achieved by cochlear implants (CIs) when programmed with contemporary clinical settings. We performed multiple experiments to test the effect on pitch perception of phantom stimulation and asymmetric current pulses, both supposedly stimulating beyond the most apical electrode of a CI. The two stimulus types were generated using a bipolar electrode pair, composed of the most apical electrode of the array and a neighboring, more basal electrode. Experiment 1 used a pitch...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - August 16, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Gap Detection Deficits in Chinchillas with Selective Carboplatin-Induced Inner Hair Cell Loss
AbstractTemporal resolution is essential for processing complex auditory information such as speech. In hearing impaired persons, temporal resolution, often assessed by detection of brief gaps in continuous sound stimuli, is typically poorer than in individuals with normal hearing. At low stimulus presentation levels, hearing impaired individuals perform poorly but the deficits are greatly reduced when the sensation level of the stimuli are adjusted to match their normal hearing peers. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of selective inner hair cell loss on gap detection in chinchillas treated with carboplatin, a...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - August 16, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Vibration Measurements of the Gerbil Eardrum Under Quasi-static Pressure Steps
In this study, we measured in vivo vibration responses in 11 gerbils while varying the middle-ear pressure quasi-statically, with the ear canal at ambient pressure. Vibrations were recorded using a single-point laser Doppler vibrometer with five glass-coated reflective beads (diameter ~ 40 μm) as targets. The locations were the umbo, mid-manubrium, posterior pars tensa, anterior pars tensa and pars flaccida. As described in earlier studies, the unpressurized vibration magnitude was flat at low frequencies, increased until a resonance frequency at around 1.8–2.5 kHz, and bec ame complex at higher frequencies. At bot...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - August 10, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Mechanical Properties of Baboon Tympanic Membrane from Young to Adult
AbstractMechanical properties of the tympanic membrane (TM) play an important role in sound transmission through the middle ear. While numerous studies have investigated the mechanical properties of the adult human TM, the effects of age on the TM ’s properties remain unclear because of the limited published data on the TM of young children. To address this deprivation, we used baboons in this study as an animal model for investigating the effect of age on the mechanical properties of the TM. Temporal bones were harvested from baboons (Papio anubis) of four different age groups: less than 1 year, 1–3 years, 3–5 y...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - August 10, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Utricular Sensitivity during Hydrodynamic Displacements of the Macula
AbstractTo explore the effects of cochlear hair cell displacement, researchers have previously monitored functional and mechanical responses during low-frequency (LF) acoustic stimulation of the cochlea. The induced changes are believed to result from modulation of the conductance of mechano-electrical transduction (MET) channels on cochlear hair cells, along with receptor potential modulation. It is less clear how, or if, vestibular hair cell displacement affects vestibular function. Here, we have used LF (<20 Hz) hydrodynamic modulation of the utricular macula position, whilst recording functional and mechanical res...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - August 10, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Effects of Tonic Muscle Activation on Amplitude-Modulated Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (AMcVEMPs) in Young Females: Preliminary Findings
AbstractCervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are usually elicited by transient tonebursts, but when elicited by amplitude-modulated (AM) tones, they can provide new information about cVEMPs. Previous reports of cVEMPs elicited by AM tones, or AMcVEMPs, have not systematically examined the effects of tonic EMG activation on their response properties. Fourteen young, healthy female adults (ages 20 –24) with clinically normal audiograms participated in this study. AMcVEMPs were elicited with bone-conducted 500 Hz tones amplitude modulated at a rate of 37 Hz and recorded for five different EMG targets ra...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - August 4, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
The Genetics of Variation of the Wave 1 Amplitude of the Mouse Auditory Brainstem Response
AbstractThis is the first genome-wide association study with the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel (HDMP) to define the genetic landscape of the variation in the suprathreshold wave 1 amplitude of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) both pre- and post-noise exposure. This measure is correlated with the density of the auditory neurons (AN) and/or the compliment of synaptic ribbons within the inner hair cells of the mouse cochlea. We analyzed suprathreshold ABR for 635 mice from 102 HMDP strains pre- and post-noise exposure (108 dB 10 kHz octave band noise exposure for 2 h) using auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave 1 sup...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - August 4, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Correction to: Speech Perception with Spectrally Non-overlapping Maskers as Measure of Spectral Resolution in Cochlear Implant Users
An error in interpreting the statistical analysis output led to reporting errors in some of the effect sizes for the three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs in Experiment 1. (Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology)
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - July 19, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Relationships between Intrascalar Tissue, Neuron Survival, and Cochlear Implant Function
In this study, we investigated the relationship between intrascalar tissue and 5 measures of implant function in guinea pigs. Variation in both spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) survival and intrascalar tissue was produced by implanting hearing ears, ears deafened with neomycin, and neomycin-deafened ears treated with a neurotrophin. We found significant effects of SGN density on 4 functional measures but adding intrascalar tissue level to the analysis did not explain more variation in any measure than was explained by SGN density alone. These results suggest that effects of intrascalar tissue on electrical hearing are relative...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - July 19, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Optimizing Auditory Brainstem Response Acquisition Using Interleaved Frequencies
AbstractAuditory brainstem responses (ABRs) require averaging responses to hundreds or thousands of repetitions of a stimulus (e.g., tone pip) to obtain a measurable evoked response at the scalp. Fast repetition rates lead to changes in ABR amplitude and latency due to adaptation. To minimize the effect of adaptation, stimulus rates are sometimes as low as 10 to 13.3 stimuli per second, requiring long acquisition times. The trade-off between reducing acquisition time and minimizing the effect of adaptation on ABRs is an especially important consideration for studies of cochlear synaptopathy, which use the amplitude of shor...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - July 8, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Age-Related Compensation Mechanism Revealed in the Cortical Representation of Degraded Speech
AbstractOlder adults understand speech with comparative ease in quiet, but signal degradation can hinder speech understanding much more than it does in younger adults. This difficulty may result, in part, from temporal processing deficits related to the aging process and/or high-frequency hearing loss that can occur in listeners who have normal- or near-normal-hearing thresholds in the speech frequency range. Temporal processing deficits may manifest as degraded neural representation in peripheral and brainstem/midbrain structures that lead to compensation, or changes in response strength in auditory cortex. Little is unde...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - July 7, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
Ototoxicity and Platinum Uptake Following Cyclic Administration of Platinum-Based Chemotherapeutic Agents
AbstractCisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer drug used to treat a variety of cancer types. One of the side effects of this life-saving drug is irreversible ototoxicity, resulting in permanent hearing loss in many patients. In order to understand why cisplatin is particularly toxic to the inner ear, we compared the hearing loss and cochlear uptake of cisplatin to that of two related drugs, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. These three drugs are similar in that each contains a core platinum atom; however, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are considered less ototoxic than cisplatin. We delivered these three drugs to mice using a 6-we...
Source: JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology - June 23, 2020 Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research
