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Quantifying the potential of morphological parameters for human dental identification: part 1 —proof of concept
This study aimed to establish a method to quantify and rank the identifying potential of one (or a combination of) continuous morphological parameter(s), and to provide a proof of concept. First, a statistic was defined that quantifies the identifying potential: the mean potential set (MPS). The MPS is derived from inter-observer agreement data and it indicates the percentage of subjects in the AM reference dataset who at least need to be considered to detect the correct PM subject. This was calculated in a univariate and a multivariate setting. Second, the method was validated on maxillary first molar crowns of 82 3D-digi...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - January 1, 2024 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Sr –Pb isotope differences in pre- and post-burial human bone, teeth, and hair keratin: implications for isotope forensics
This study examines alterations in isotope signatures of different tissues of five human body donors studied throughout decomposition at the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility (FARF), San Marcos, TX. Two body donors were buried, two were placed in open pits, and one was first allowed to naturally mummify and then buried. Remains were recovered after a period of 7 –34 months. The preplacement and post-recovery Sr–Pb isotope data of scalp hair, bone (iliac and tibia), and tooth enamel and dentine were compared. The hair samples record significant shifts in Sr-Pb isotope compositions, with hair keratin Pb isotope co...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - January 1, 2024 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

The influence of age on greater sciatic notch morphology: testing the Walker method in an Australian population
This study assesses whether there are age-related differences in the distribution of the Walker (2005) morphological scores for the greater sciatic notch (GSN) in an Australian population. Three-dimensional volumetric reconstructions derived from multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of 567 pelves of 258 females and 309 males aged 18 to 96  years were scored following Walker (2005). Differences in score distributions and means by sex and age group were tested using Pearson’s chi-squared test and ANOVA, respectively. The accuracy of sex estimates derived from logistic regression equations was explored using lea...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - January 1, 2024 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Influence of various factors on the legal outcome of cases of child abuse —experiences gathered at an interdisciplinary forensic examination center in Vienna, Austria
ConclusionThese findings underline how challenging the successful persecution of an offender in cases of child abuse is. (Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - January 1, 2024 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Consequences of the lack of clinical forensic medicine in emergency departments
AbstractMost victims of physical violence sooner or later will access a hospital or medical cabinet because of that violence, and in particular emergency departments (EDs). This paper aims to analyze the performance of emergency ward clinicians in the forensic management of such victims by examining the activities carried out and the data reported. A total of 991 medical records were extrapolated from the database of the ED of the Policlinico of Milan in an average pre-pandemic 1-year activity. For each medical record, 16 parameters were analyzed in-depth including epidemiological data, information on the type of violent a...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - January 1, 2024 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Seasonal variation in medico-legal autopsies in Finland —a nationwide analysis of the period 2016–2021
AbstractBoth natural and unnatural mortality have seasonal variation. In spite of the established link between season and mortality, it is unclear whether medico-legal autopsies are subject to similar variation. Building on a nationwide dataset from the years 2016 –2021, this short report aimed to analyse whether medico-legal autopsies are subject to seasonal variation in Finland. An electronic information system was queried for the monthly numbers of performed autopsies. Monthly and yearly trends were estimated with Kruskal–Wallis test and linear regress ion. A total of 50,457 medico-legal autopsies were performed dur...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - January 1, 2024 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

MRI segmentation of tooth tissue in age prediction of sub-adults — a new method for combining data from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molars
ConclusionWe have established a model for combining tissue volume measurements from the 1st, 2nd and 3rd molars for age prediction in sub-adults. The prediction performance was mostly driven by the 3rd molars. All combinations involving the 3rd molar performed well. (Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 26, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Automated bone age assessment from knee joint by integrating deep learning and MRI-based radiomics
AbstractBone age assessment (BAA) is a crucial task in clinical, forensic, and athletic fields. Since traditional age estimation methods are suffered from potential radiation damage, this study aimed to develop and evaluate a deep learning radiomics method based on multiparametric knee MRI for noninvasive and automatic BAA. This retrospective study enrolled 598 patients (age range,10.00 –29.99 years) who underwent MR examinations of the knee joint (T1/T2*/PD-weighted imaging). Three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D CNNs) were trained to extract and fuse multimodal and multiscale MRI radiomic features for ag...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 22, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Severe 25E-NBOH intoxication associated with MDPHP intake: a case report, metabolism study, and literature review
We reported here the case of a 23-year-old man who presented a serotoninergic syndrome and a loss of consciousness following the consumption of a powder labelled as 25I-NBOH. Toxicological analyses of biological samples were carried out using a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Two new psychoactive substances were identified and confirmed with certified reference materials: 25E-NBOH (2-(((4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol) and MDPHP (1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one). Pharmaceuticals administered to the patient during his medical care were found in plasma a...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 20, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Skull fractures by glass bottles tested on cadaveric heads
AbstractHead trauma is frequently related to the misuse of drinking vessels as weapons. Forensic reports usually evaluate these blunt injuries as having occurred in scenarios where the alcohol intake is high. Fatal consequences are seen in blows with glass bottles aiming at the head. To prove the outcome that a glass bottle thrown to the head could cause, three intact human cadaver heads were impacted with 1-liter glass bottles at 9.5 m/s using a drop-tower. The impact location covered the left temporal bone, sphenoid bone, and zygomatic arch. The contact between the head and the bottle was produced at an angle of 90 ° wi...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 19, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Female perpetrated sexual assault: a review of attendances to the national sexual assault treatment units in the Republic of Ireland
ConclusionFemale perpetrated sexual assault is a distinct entity when analysing attendances to the national sexual assault treatment unit network, representing just under 2% of all attendances. We have shown that those who experience these assaults are likely to be female, be assaulted by a single female perpetrator who is known to them and attend a sexual assault treatment unit within 72 hours of the assault. Awareness of the characteristics of these attendances will ultimately allow us to develop appropriate supports for these victims/survivors and to raise awareness of this type of crime. (Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 14, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Rapid ABO genotyping method using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and real-time PCR
In this study, we developed rapid ABO genotyping method using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Three SNP sites in the ABO gene (nt 261, 526, and 803) were selected to classify the ABO genotypes. For the specificity test, we performed sequencing of 60 saliva samples to confirm that the genotyping. We conducted experiments to apply ABO genotyping using two amplification methods to mock forensic sample using cotton swab and filter paper. As a result, using LAMP, we successfully identified six ABO genotypes within 30  min at a constant temperature (65 ℃)....
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 13, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

The muzzle to target distance —staining inside different parts of the firearm barrel
AbstractBiological traces inside firearm barrels were observed as a result of contact shots to the head. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of the muzzle to target distance on staining inside the anterior and posterior part of firearm barrels. Ninety-nine shots were fired to so-called reference cubes (10% gelatine, 12  cm edge length, embedded paint-blood-pad) using three current handguns. Shot range was varied from contact to 50 cm distance. High-speed cameras recorded external backspatter. Endoscopic examination assessed visible staining along the barrel. Each two swabbings were gathered from ...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 13, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

MC1R and age heteroclassification of face phenotypes in the Rio Grande do Sul population
ConclusionsThere are important molecular mechanisms behind the effects ofMC1R locus on PA, and the genomic background of each population seems to be crucial to determine this influence. (Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 13, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Artificial intelligence in the practice of forensic medicine: a scoping review
AbstractForensic medicine is a thriving application field for artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, AI applications intended to forensic pathologists or forensic physicians have emerged since the last decade. For example, AI models were developed to help estimate the biological age of migrants or human remains. However, the uses of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians and their levels of integration in medicolegal practices are not well described yet. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. This review included articles that mention any AI application used...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 13, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research