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Revisiting the association of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) with polymorphisms of NHE3 and IL13
ConclusionOur findings suggest an association ofNHE3 variant rs2247114 (C2405T), though not rs71597645 (NHE3), with SIDS. A potential role of rs20541 (IL13) still has to be elucidated. Especially NHE3 seems to be an interesting topic for future SIDS research. (Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 13, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Self- and non-self-DNA on hands and sleeve cuffs
AbstractStudying DNA transfer and persistence has become increasingly important over the last decade, due to the impressive sensitivity of modern DNA detection methods in forensic genetics. To improve our understanding of background DNA that could also potentially be transferred, we analyzed the DNA composition on the outside of sleeve cuffs and sampled DNA directly from the hands of four different collaborators upon their arrival at work during 25 working days. Sampling of their hands was repeated after several hours working in our department. The shedder status of the participants, as assumed from previous internal studi...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 6, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Thank you, Professor Heidi Pfeiffer!
(Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 5, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Identification of sudden cardiac death from human blood using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning
ConclusionIntegrating artificial intelligence technology, pathology, and physical chemistry analysis of blood components can serve as an effective auxiliary method for postmortem diagnosis of SCD. (Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 4, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Improving the forensic genital examination for trans and gender diverse sexual assault complainants: three case reports
AbstractTrans and gender diverse people experience high rates of sexual violence and significant barriers to healthcare, including post-sexual assault healthcare. These barriers could lead to delays in presentations to sexual assault services and a reluctance to having forensic examinations, thereby impacting genital injury assessment and evidence collection. It is therefore important that clinicians working in sexual assault services understand how to best undertake forensic genital examinations, collect forensic genital specimens, and identify and document genital injuries in this population. This case report discusses t...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - December 1, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

(Un)Reliable detection of menstrual blood in forensic casework — evaluation of the Seratec® PMB test with mock samples
AbstractThe identification of the type of body fluid in crime scene evidence may be crucial, so that the efforts are high to reduce the complexity of these analyses and to minimize time and costs. Reliable immunochromatographic rapid tests for specific and sensitive identification of blood, saliva, urine and sperm secretions are already routinely used in forensic genetics. The recently introduced Seratec ® PMB test is said to detect not only hemoglobin, but also differentiate menstrual blood from other secretions containing blood (cells) by detecting D-dimers. In our experimental set-up, menstrual blood could be reliably ...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 30, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Unveiling decomposition dynamics: leveraging 3D models for advanced forensic analysis
AbstractForensic taphonomy, the study of post-mortem processes, is pivotal in modern forensic science. This short communication illuminates limitations in traditional 2D imaging, specifically digital photographs, within forensic taphonomy, and highlights the vast potential of 3D modeling techniques. Drawing from a recent study in Hawaii ’s tropical savanna, we unveil disparities between real-time observations and 2D photographs when assessing decomposition, emphasizing the importance of scoring method selection and the need to scrutinize 2D imaging’s accuracy in forensic taphonomy. Conversely, 3D modeling techniques, a...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 28, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Metric evaluation of the anterior nasal spine to estimate sex and population group in South African individuals
ConclusionsWhite South African individuals presented with a longer ANS that produced a more acute angle whereas black South African individuals presented with a shorter ANS and a more obtuse angle. Additionally, males presented with a longer ANS compared to females. ANS measurements were found to be more relevant for population discernment than for sex. (Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 27, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Testing the accuracy of the DRNNAGE software for age estimation in a modern Greek sample
AbstractEstimation of age-at-death from human skeletal remains is fundamental in forensic anthropology as part of the construction of the biological profile of the individual under study. At the same time, skeletal age-at-death estimation in adults is problematic due to the disparity between chronological and biological age, the important inter-individual variability at the rate of skeletal aging, and inherent biases in the available methodologies (e.g., age mimicry). A recent paper proposed a method for skeletal age-at-death estimation based on multiple anatomical traits and machine learning. A software was also created, ...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 25, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

A diagnostic strategy for pulmonary fat embolism based on routine H & amp;E staining using computational pathology
This study utilizes computational pathology, combining digital pathology and deep learning algorithms, to precisely quantify fat emboli in whole slide images using conventional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The results demonstrate deep learning ’s ability to identify fat droplet morphology in lung microvessels, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.98. The AI-quantified fat globules generally matched the Falzi scoring system with oil red O staining. The relative quantity of fat emboli agains t lung area was calculated by the algorithm, determining a diagnostic thresh...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 24, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Luminol and the postmortem interval estimation — influence of taphonomic factors
AbstractThe estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is one of the key challenges for forensic anthropologists. Although there are several methods referenced for this purpose, none is sufficiently effective. One of the main reasons justifying the complexity of this task is the influence of several taphonomic factors.The study of the Luminol technique has stood out as a promising method for estimating PMI, complementing the existing methods, since it is an economic, easy and reproducible method that operates as a presumptive test. However, it is not known which taphonomic factors can influence the results obtained by thi...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 24, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

A computational approach to estimate postmortem interval using postmortem computed tomography of multiple tissues based on animal experiments
This study aims to establish a multi-tissue machine learning model for PMI estimation using PMCT data from various tissues. We collected PMCT data of seven tissues, including brain, eyeballs, myocardium, liver, kidneys, erector spinae, and quadriceps femoris from 10 rabbits after death. CT images were taken every 12 h until 192 h after death, and HU values were extracted from the CT images of each tissue as a dataset. Support vector machine, random forest, andK-nearest neighbors were performed to establish PMI estimation models, and after adjusting the parameters of each model, they were used as first-level classification ...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 24, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Integrative lncRNA, circRNA, and mRNA analysis reveals expression profiles of six forensic body fluids/tissue
In this study, we sequenced the transcriptomes of 30 samples from venous blood, menstrual blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretion, and skin tissue, obtaining a comprehensive picture of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA profiles. A total of 90,305 mRNAs, 102,906 lncRNAs (including 19,549 novel lncRNAs), and 40,204 circRNAs were detected. RNA type distribution, length distribution, and expression distribution were presented according to their annotation and expression level, and many novel body fluid/tissue-specific RNA markers were identified. Furthermore, the cognate relations among the three RNAs were analyzed according to gene a...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 23, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

Does third molar agenesis influence the second lower molar mineralization?
AbstractDifferent studies have established that the mineralization stages of the second mandibular molar can be used in forensic age estimation. Nowadays, the estimate ’s accuracy is an ethical concern, producing as few false positives (individuals incorrectly classified as older than a determined threshold) and false negatives (individuals incorrectly classified as younger than a determined threshold) as possible. Some have hypothesized that changes in teeth nu mber may influence tooth mineralization, altering the age estimate process. This paper analyzes whether third molar agenesis affects the second mandibular molar ...
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 23, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research

A comparison of maceration methods for the preparation of infant skeletal remains for forensic anthropological analysis
This study has validated that the enzymatic maceration technique using laundry detergent and sodium carbonate can be used to effectively macerate the remains of infant skeletal remains for forensic anthropological analysis. (Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine)
Source: International Journal of Legal Medicine - November 22, 2023 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research