Lip Lift Techniques in Smile Design
The lips are the main aesthetic component of the facial lower third and simultaneously a substantial element for an ideally perceived smile. One of the most accepted and common procedures that is widely used to enhance the shape and contours of the upper lip is the lip lift. With a careful treatment plan and a professional surgery, a lip lift can reliably be used for the reduction of the philtrum height, enlargement of the upper vermilion, improvement of the dental show, restoration of facial aesthetic proportions, and creation of an enchanting smile. (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - May 31, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Hamid Reza Fallahi, Seied Omid Keyhan, Behnam Bohluli, Behzad Cheshmi, Parastoo Jafari Source Type: research

Contemporary Smile Design: An Orthodontic Perspective
Orthodontists play a vital role in the smile design of individuals. There are a variety of orthodontic goals and tooth movements that can be achieved to obtain the ideal smile that ultimately leads to the optimum esthetic outcomes. In this article, some methods and appliance systems to control and achieve the desired tooth movements are described and illustrated. (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - May 31, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Chung How Kau, Terpsithea Christou, Shubam Sharma Source Type: research

Smile Design
Smile designing refers to the cosmetic and esthetic dental reconstruction that is visible during smiling. The use of modern digital tools requires adequate knowledge about the tooth shape and shade principles. Mechanical, biological, and psychological factors should be understood and tailor an individualized treatment accordingly to achieve pleasing esthetic outcomes. Dental therapy is becoming more appearance-driven, and thus, both patients and dental clinicians mainly emphasize on cosmetic dental and facial aspects of treatments. (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - May 31, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Marzieh Alikhasi, Parisa Yousefi, Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar Source Type: research

Crown Lengthening Techniques and Modifications to Treat Excessive Gingival Display
This article reviews clinical and aesthetic guidelines based on these principles for clinical crown lengthening. (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - May 31, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Maziar Shahzad Dowlatshahi, Ghazal Anoosh, Jorge Alania, Jessica M. Latimer Source Type: research

Botulinum Toxin and Smile Design
Smiles with excessive gingival display exceeding 3  mm are considered unattractive. Excessive muscular contraction of lip elevator muscles is the etiology in most cases, and other factors, such as excessive vertical dimension of the maxilla and altered passive dental eruption resulting in the presence of excessive gingival tissue, account for the e tiologic factors in others. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) blocks muscular contraction by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine in muscles’ endplates. The author has proven BTX-A to be an effective treatment alternative for the correction of these conditions affecting smile...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - May 31, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Mario Polo Source Type: research

The Multisensory/Snoezelen Environment to Optimize the Dental Care Patient Experience
This article provides a brief overview of how the environment can affect behavior and that well-designed spaces can affect how patients handle stress. The application of the Snoezelen multisensory interactive calming strategies and devices that were installed in all facets of a community dental practice are described. These principles of creating a calming dental home improved behavior, cooperation, and satisfaction with care in persons with disabilities and reduced the need for sedation or general anesthesia. It is proposed that the creation of similar clinics with multisensory calming features could improve community acc...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Alison Sigal, Michael Sigal Source Type: research

Mentorship for the Future Special Care Dentist
Mentorship and exposure to individuals with intellectual disabilities and special health care needs is typically limited in predoctoral dental training programs due to time restrictions created by the expansion of technology and scientific learning within the dental school curricula. In this article, the authors look at the benefits of creating mentorship programs; characteristics of good mentors and mentees; and examples of successful, unsuccessful, and future programs in order to create dental professionals who are equipped to address the oral health needs for these vulnerable populations. (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Stephen Beetstra Source Type: research

Oral Health Advocacy for People with Special Health Care Needs
This article outlines avenues for advocacy to better serve these populations and reduce oral health inequities. Concepts of cultural humility can aid in advocacy efforts and include critical self-reflection, addressing power imbalances in health care relationships, and advocacy for change that influences the social determinants of health. Developing cultural humility is a lifelong process that requires ongoing learning and action in reducing health inequities and barriers to health care. (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Kimberly Marie Espinoza Source Type: research

From Restraint to Medical Immobilization/Protective Stabilization
Clinical dental treatment is the most exacting and demanding medical procedure that persons with special needs undergo on a regular basis throughout their lifetime. Dental treatment is surgical in nature, usually requiring controlled placement of sharpened instrumentation in intimate proximity to the face, airway, and highly vascularized and inner aged oral tissues. Although approximately 90% of patients with special needs can and should be mainstreamed through any general dental practice, without significant behavioral guidance, techniques, or medical immobilization/protective stabilization, there has been a drastic shift...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Steven P. Perlman, Allen Wong, H. Barry Waldman, Clive Friedman, Jessica Webb, Rick Rader, Ray A. Lyons Source Type: research

Interdisciplinary Oral Health for Those with Special Health Care Needs
In order for us to understand our current situation of the oral health condition of those with special needs, we need to review the history of how education was presented and what has been done. The American Dental Association, Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) is recognized by the US Department of Education. CODA is responsible for the accreditation of predoctoral dental education programs (leading to the DDS or DMD degree), advanced dental education programs, and allied dental education programs that are fully operational or have attained “Initial Accreditation” status, including programs offered via distance...
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Allen Wong, Lisa Itaya Source Type: research

Special Care Dentistry
DENTAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Authors: Stephanie M. Munz Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research

Contributors
STEPHANIE M. MUNZ, DDS, FSCD (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research

Contents
Stephanie M. Munz (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
New Horizons in Smile Design (Source: Dental Clinics of North America)
Source: Dental Clinics of North America - March 30, 2022 Category: Dentistry Source Type: research