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Treatment of Co-occurring PTSD and Aggression: Current Psychotherapy and Pharmacological Approaches
AbstractPurpose of reviewA substantial number of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) also experience problems with aggression; yet co-occurring PTSD and aggression have gained relatively little empirical attention. Given the functional impairment associated with both of these conditions, there is a clear need for empirically supported treatments that address both PTSD and aggression. The current review aims to summarize the existing literature on empirically supported treatments (including psychotherapy and psychopharmacology) for co-occurring PTSD and aggression.Recent findingsOverall, a few treatments emer...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - February 4, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Assessing and Addressing Functioning and Quality of Life in PTSD
AbstractPurpose of reviewArguably, the most important goal of psychotherapy is to improve patients ’ functioning and quality of life (QoL). Because the field of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been driven by the disease model, outcomes are solely indexed by symptom change. We review the barriers to assessing functioning and QoL in PTSD and examine the available evidence that evidence- based treatments for PTSD that focus on symptom change address functioning and QoL.Recent findingsAssessments of functioning and QoL are limited because current methods are nomothetic and fail to capture the breadth and depth of f...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - January 30, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Military Sexual Trauma Among Men: Gendered Experiences, Clinical Considerations, and Treatment Options
AbstractPurpose of reviewMilitary sexual trauma (MST) refers to repeated sexual harassment and/or sexual assault that occurs during military service. MST can have significant impact on one ’s psychological, interpersonal, and medical well-being. In this article, we review research specific to MST among men, and how gender-related experiences may uniquely impact this population.Recent findingsIdentity-based characteristics may further influence MST sequelae, such as the experience of shame when stereotypes regarding masculinity are violated, as well as other types of identity-based stress (e.g., racism) which may interact...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - January 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Systematic Review: Is There a Medicinal Use of Cocaine in Psychiatry?
AbstractSummary Cocaine has been a heavily abused street drug over the last several decades. It is well-documented in the nineteenth and early twentieth century that the drug was used as a form of treatment for various psychiatric disorders due to its medicinal properties. More recently, the “psychedelic renaissance” has opened doors for many researchers and clinicians to explore the medical use of drugs that were previously thought to possess little to no therapeutic properties.Purpose of reviewThis literature review was performed using PubMed and Google searches to explore the history and current medical use of co...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - January 27, 2023 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Evaluating the Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 for the Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction in Individuals with Mood Disorders
Abstract Purpose of Review Cognitive dysfunction remains a major source of poor patient reported outcomes in mood disorders. Similarly, cognitive impairment is commonly reported in many metabolic disorders including type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Current treatment options do not provide optimal specificity in targeting cognitive dysfunction, highlighting a need for pharmacological interventions with improved specificity. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an endogenous incretin, has been targeted in the treatment of T2DM. Given the high rate of comorbidity between metabolic and mood disorders, we evaluat...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - November 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Moral Injury in the Context of Substance Use Disorders: a Narrative Review
Opinion statementThe rate of annual drug overdose deaths in the USA recently topped 100,000 (CDC/National Center for Health Statistics2021), an illustration of the critical need to prevent and treat substance use disorders (SUDs). As a complex, chronic medical condition, substance use treatment requires psychological, emotional, and spiritual interventions along with medical care. The recently developed concept of moral injury has been increasingly studied and applied to military service members who experience conflict between the expectations or survival needs of combat and their moral values. This review explores whether...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - September 16, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Neuromodulation as an Augmenting Strategy for Behavioral Therapies for Anxiety and PTSD: a Narrative Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent problem. Despite current treatments, symptoms may persist, and neuromodulation therapies show great potential. A growing body of research suggests that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is effective as a standalone treatment for PTSD, with recent research demonstrating promising use when combined synergistically with behavioral treatments. In this review, we survey this literature including data suggesting mechanisms involved in anxiety and PTSD that may be targeted by neurostimulation.Recent FindingsEvidence suggests the mechanism of actio...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - September 14, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The Importance of Context: Using Social Determinants of Health to Improve Research and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
AbstractPurpose of ReviewDue to the unique characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), considering the contextual factors that influence the development, maintenance, and treatment of PTSD is particularly important. Social determinants of health (SDoH) provide a transdiagnostic, comprehensive, and actionable approach to studying and accounting for contextual factors that are relevant for PTSD. While some SDoH factors have been studied previously as standalone characteristics, there are numerous gaps in the current literature regarding the associations between SDoH and PTSD.Recent FindingThis manuscript highlig...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - July 28, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Characterizing Social Determinants of Health in Research Regarding the Clubhouse Model for Individuals with Mental Health Conditions
AbstractPurpose of reviewAn evaluation of the most comprehensive review of literature on the Clubhouse model to date was conducted, with the goal of characterizing the ways in which social determinants of health (SDoH) were examined within studies of the Clubhouse model and evaluating the composition of Clubhouse samples with respect to characteristics that may reflect disproportionate exposure to social disadvantage (e.g., structural racism and discrimination).Recent findingsFindings from the aforementioned review indicate that the Clubhouse model likely benefits individuals with mental illness, especially with respect to...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - July 20, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

MAOI or ECT? Patient Preference and Joint Decision-Making in Treatment-Resistant Depression
AbstractThe literature concurs that the classic monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are both vital treatment options for ‘treatment-resistant’ depression (TRD)—but ECT is commonly presented as an option and MAOIs are not. This is a significant deficit in current psychiatric practice and constitutes a violation of the joint decision-making paradigm. The patient cannot choose between options the physician does not offer, thereby precluding meaningful patient participation in treatment selection. We emphasize the favorable side-effect profile of MAOIs when contrasted with ECT and arg...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - July 13, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Building Spiritual Strength: a Spiritually Integrated Approach to Treating Moral Injury
This article reviews a spiritually integrated group therapy, Building Spiritual Strength (BSS), designed to treat moral injury and associated syndromes (e.g., PTSD, burnout) with Gestalt and cognitive techniques and psychoeducation about spiritual coping. BSS was designed for active duty and military veterans but has since been adapted and expanded for other groups experiencing moral injury.Recent FindingsTwo RCTs have demonstrated BSS led to a decrease in PTSD symptoms in military members. Though BSS did not outperform a person-centered group therapy control in one RCT, the BSS group reported a decrease in spiritual strug...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - July 9, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Repurposing Anti-inflammatory Agents for Mood Disorders: an Updated Review of Current Evidence
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an updated summary on the field of immunopsychiatry as it pertains to clinical and therapeutic translation in mood disorders (major depressive disorder [MDD] and bipolar disorder [BD]).Recent FindingsAn updated scoping review of a previous publication by Jones et al. identified five recently published RCTs that continue to explore the anti-depressive efficacy of established immunomodulating agents (minocycline, celecoxib, and aspirin). Consistent with our earlier scoping review, study results remain conflicting, and there is still insufficient support for the clinical utility of any anti...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - July 8, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Meeting the Health and Social Service Needs of Veterans Who Interact with the Criminal Justice System and Experience Homelessness: a Holistic Conceptualization and Recommendations for Tailoring Care
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe experience of both homelessness and criminal justice involvement can impact several biopsychosocial factors among veterans. Indeed, veterans experiencing homelessness and justice involvement often have complex clinical presentations requiring referral to and engagement in myriad health and social services. Nonetheless, several factors can impact these veterans ’ engagement in such services.Recent FindingsWe briefly review the literature regarding health conditions and psychosocial stressors commonly experienced by this population.SummaryBased on this, we propose the utility of a holistic, bio...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - July 6, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Practical Implications of Research on Intimate Partner Violence Experiences for the Mental Health Clinician
AbstractPurpose of reviewIndividuals experiencing mental health difficulties are at heightened risk for experiencing past and recent intimate partner violence (IPV), including sexual, psychological, and physical violence and/or stalking, from an intimate partner. Yet, mental health clinicians often report limited knowledge about IPV, especially best clinical practices for identifying and addressing IPV experiences in routine mental health care.Recent findingsThis paper reviews literature on IPV experiences, including prevalence, linkages with mental health problems, considerations for vulnerable populations, and evidence-b...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - July 6, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Firearm Lethal Means Counseling Among Women: Clinical and Research Considerations and a Call to Action
We describe current knowledge and research gaps in tailoring LMC to meet the needs of US women.Recent findingsAvailable LMC and firearm suicide prevention literature has not fully considered how LMC interventions should be tailored for women. This is especially important as firearm ownership and firearm-related suicides among women are increasing. Additional research is needed to better understand firearm characteristics, behaviors, and beliefs of US women, particularly related to perceptions of personal safety and history of trauma. Research is also needed to identify optimal components of LMC interventions (e.g., messeng...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - June 30, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research