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Integrating Social Determinants of Health Within Cognitive Therapy
AbstractPurposeSocial determinants of health (SDOH) encompass the range of conditions in a person ’s environment that impacts health and health outcomes. We summarize the literature examining the intersection of SDOH and cognitive therapy (CT) and provide concrete clinical guidance for incorporating SDOH into a cognitively oriented case conceptualization and implementation of CT.Recent findingsWe begin by providing a brief overview of cognitive theory, the impact of SDOH on clinical presentations, and current literature examining SDOH and CT. We then offer a step-by-step approach to incorporate attention to SDOH into ass...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - June 28, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The Prevalence of Cocaine Use in Homeless Populations: A Systematic Review
AbstractRecent findingsCocaine use plays a large role in initiating and maintaining homelessness.Purpose of reviewThe present review systematically studied the existing literature on prevalence of cocaine use, cocaine use problems, and cocaine use disorders in the lives of homeless populations.SummaryA total of 57 articles with 55 unique studies were included in the review. Cocaine use was quite prevalent in these homeless samples, with around one-third of samples endorsing lifetime use and one-fourth endorsing past year use. Further, prevalence rates for cocaine use problems ranged from around one-fourth to more than one-...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - June 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Social Determinants of Sexual and Gender Minority Mental Health
AbstractPurposeSexual and gender minority individuals (SGM; e.g., people who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender) have known disparities in mental health outcomes compared to cisgender (i.e., non-transgender) and heterosexual people including higher rates of depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. These disparities can be attributed to greater social and economic obstacles to health, generally known as social determinants of health and often operationalized for SGM individuals as minority stressors. This review aims to describe recent reviews and key studies on social determi...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - June 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Moral Injury: Implications and Future Directions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewExposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and the development of moral injury have yet to be conceptualized as they relate to social determinants of health (SDoH).Recent Findings.In this paper, the extant literature on moral injury and SDoH is reviewed. Specific individual-level SDoH, including gender, sex, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity, are explored relative to PMIEs and moral injury. The relationship among environmental SDoH, including childhood environment, justice involvement, and homelessness, is described.SummaryAssessment and treatment implications are discussed, and...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - June 20, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Preventing Suicide Among Women Veterans: Gender-Sensitive, Trauma-Informed Conceptualization
Discussion is framed around the White House strategy for preventing suicide among military service members and veterans.Recent FindingsConsidering high rates of trauma exposure among women veterans, we propose that a trauma-informed lens is essential for taking a gender-sensitive approach to suicide prevention with this population. Nonetheless, research to inform evidence-based assessment and intervention remains largely focused on veteran men or gender-neutral. Integral next steps for research are posited.SummaryExtant research provides an initial foundation for beginning to understand and address suicide among women vete...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - June 15, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Cannabidiol in the Treatment of Mood Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPreclinical studies have demonstrated that cannabidiol improves depressive-like behaviors in animal models, raising its plausibility to be investigated as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, our aim is to review the available clinical data of cannabidiol in the treatment of mood disorders.Recent FindingsThere are no published randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that investigated the efficacy of cannabidiol in mood disorders, either alone or in combination with other cannabinoids. Similarly, there are no published trials with affective symptoms as the ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - May 30, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Moral Injury and Spiritual Distress: Clinical Applications in Interdisciplinary, Spiritually Integrated Interventions
This article offers suggestions for including SD to improve clinical outcomes. Since MI and SD are multifaceted experiences, it is vital to address them with an interdisciplinary approach.Recent FindingsResearchers found that different mechanisms and regions of the brain are involved in MI, which distinguish it from PTSD. SD is a key mechanism that contributes to MI. People who experience greater potentially morally injurious events (PMIE), including war and global pandemic, are at higher risk for SD. SD is an independent risk factor for suicide. Patients suffering from SD do not benefit as much from traditional trauma int...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - May 20, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Adaptive Disclosure: Theoretical Foundations, Evidence, and Future Directions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewModern evidence-based practice (EBP) primarily consists of the blanket application of treatment packages to purportedly treat behavioral health syndromes regardless of patient characteristics or context, which may be why current EBPs for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are less effective for treating veterans and military service members (SMs) than for civilians. Adaptive Disclosure is designed to operate within the culture and ethos of the military, and developments since the publication of the original manual reflect further effort to meet the needs of this population. This review presents t...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - May 14, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Treatment for Moral Injury: Impact of Killing in War
AbstractPurpose of ReviewVeterans who kill in war are at risk of developing negative mental health problems including moral injury, PTSD, spiritual distress, and impairments in functioning. Impact of Killing (IOK) is a novel, cognitive-behaviorally based treatment designed to address the symptoms associated with killing that focuses on self-forgiveness and moral repair through cultivation of self-compassion and perspective-taking exercises, such as letter writing, and active participation in values-driven behavior.Recent FindingsIn a pilot trial assessing IOK, participants demonstrated a reduction in multiple mental health...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - May 7, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Trauma-Informed Guilt Reduction Therapy: Overview of the Treatment and Research
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to describe Trauma-Informed Guilt Reduction Therapy (TrIGR), the Non-Adaptive Guilt and Shame (NAGS) model that underlies TrIGR, and the research supporting the use of TrIGR to treat the guilt and shame components of moral injury. TriGR is a 6-session individual psychotherapy that helps clients consider their role in the traumatic event and find constructive ways to express important values, so that they no longer need to express values by suffering through guilt and shame.Recent FindingsA recently completed randomized controlled trial of TrIGR versus supportive care t...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - May 5, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Medicinal Cannabis for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: a Narrative Review
AbstractPurpose of reviewAnxiety is a prevalent mental health condition which manifests as a disproportionate response of fear to a perceived threat. Different types of anxiety disorders vary in their pathophysiology, symptoms and treatments. The causes of anxiety disorders are complex and largely unknown; however, it has been suggested that a number of brain mechanisms and neurotransmitters are involved in the development of these conditions. While there are non-pharmacological treatments for anxiety, many patients are prescribed medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin and noradrenaline reup...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - April 23, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

A Possible Antidepressive Effect of Dietary Interventions: Emergent Findings and Research Challenges
AbstractPurposeDespite recent advancements in the treatment of depression, the prevalence of affected individuals continues to grow. The development of new strategies has been required and emerging evidence has linked a possible antidepressant effect with dietary interventions. In this review, we discuss recent findings about the possible antidepressant effect of dietary interventions with an emphasis on the results of randomized controlled trials.Recent findingsA high consumption of refined sugars and saturated fat and a low dietary content of fruits and vegetables has been associated with the development of depression. T...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - April 23, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Pharmacological Treatment of Individuals at Familial Risk for Bipolar or Major Depressive Disorders: a Scoping Review
AbstractPurposeFirst-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) are at risk of developing a major psychiatric disorder. However, preventive studies using pharmacological treatment of this high-risk group are sparse. The present study undertakes a scoping review to evaluate the literature of pharmacological treatment of individuals at familial risk of BP or MDD.Recent findingsPrevious reviews on the pharmacological treatment of first-degree relatives at risk of BD, primarily investigates high-risk participants who were offspring of parents with BD and to our knowledge have not...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - March 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

Nail Biting Pharmacotherapy: a Review
AbstractPurposeOnychophagia, or habitual nail biting, is a common disorder, especially in children and young adults. Multiple factors contribute to its development, from emotional triggers to genetics and underlying psychiatric conditions. Nail biting can have a significant impact on one ’s quality of life, and its complications are not limited to cosmetic distortion. In severe cases, uncontrolled onychophagia can cause serious physical, dental, and psychosocial consequences. In this article, we review the use of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SS RIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - March 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research

The State of Overmedication in Borderline Personality Disorder: Interpersonal and Structural Factors
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review paper describes the state of prescribing practice in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), wherein medications are prescribed far more than either evidence or practice guidelines would recommend. First, we describe the frequencies of medication use and polypharmacy in people with BPD.Recent FindingsIn subsequent sections, we elaborate two main categories of factors that lead to overmedication of people with BPD: the interpersonally mediated and the structural. We consider interpersonally mediated factors to arise from communications of patients in distress and the well-meaning efforts ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry - March 4, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research