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Physical Therapist Management of Anterior Knee Pain
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAnterior knee pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among people of all ages and activity levels. Non-operative approaches with an emphasis on physical therapy management are the recommended initial course of care. The purpose of this review is to describe the current evidence for physical therapist management of anterior knee pain with consideration of biomechanical and psychosocial factors.Recent FindingsThe latest research suggests anterior knee pain is a combination of biomechanical, neuromuscular, behavioral, and psychological factors. Education strategies to improve the patient ’s unde...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - October 30, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Telemedicine: Is It a Tool for Orthopedics?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate how telemedicine can be beneficial in many areas of orthopedic clinical practice through a literature narrative review. In addition, we discuss advantages, barriers, and enablers of such technology.Recent FindingsTelemedicine in orthopedics was initially described to discuss simple cases among non-specialist doctors through videoconferencing. Recently, it evolved to postoperative follow-up on selected cases, physical examination, and even teleconsultations direct to patients. Studies have reported that consultation can be offered safely to selected patient...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - October 29, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Baseplate Options for Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBaseplate fixation has been known to be the weak link in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). A wide variety of different baseplates options are currently available. This review investigates the recent literature to present the reader with an overview of the currently available baseplate options and modes of fixation.Recent FindingsThe main elements that differentiate baseplates are the central fixation element, the size of the baseplate, the shape, the backside geometry, whether or not an offset central fixation exists, the number of peripheral screws, and the availability of peripheral aug...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - October 9, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Surgical Management of Massive Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears: Arthroscopic-Assisted Lower Trapezius Transfer
This article reviews the role for the lower trapezius transfer in the treatment of patient with FIRCTs and highlights the tips and tricks to performing this arthroscopic-assisted procedure.Recent FindingsThe treatment of posterosuperior FIRCTs contemplates a wide array of surgical options, including partial repair, biceps tenodesis/tenotomy, superior capsule reconstruction, subacromial balloon, reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and open-/arthroscopic-assisted tendon transfers. Tendon transfers have emerged as very promising reconstructive options to rebalance the anterior-posterior force couple. Controversy remains regarding ...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - September 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Subacromial Balloon Spacer Implantation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMassive irreparable rotator cuff tears present a treatment challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. There is no gold standard among numerous treatment options including nonoperative management, partial repair, debridement, superior capsular reconstruction, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. In recent years, yet another option, an implantable biodegradable subacromial balloon spacer has become available with promising early results.Recent FindingsBiomechanical studies have demonstrated that the balloon spacer effectively restores the normal humeral head position and glenohumeral joint mechanics. This d...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - September 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Surgical Management of Massive Irreparable Cuff Tears: Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for Posterosuperior Tears
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review aims to describe the role of the latissimus dorsi transfer (LDT) for patients with irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (RCTs).Recent FindingsHistorically, the LDT has been performed as an open (double-incision) procedure for neurologically intact, relatively young patients with irreparable posterosuperior RCTs with disabling loss of active external rotation with or without impaired active elevation. The transferred tendon reconstitutes the posterior rotator cuff and force couple, respectively and thus has the potential to function effectively as an external rotator and humera...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - September 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Factors Influencing the Reparability and Healing Rates of Rotator Cuff Tears
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewTo discuss tear- and patient-related factors that influence the healing potential of rotator cuff tears and to clarify the terminology surrounding this topic.Recent FindingsOver the last few years, further insight has been gained regarding rotator cuff tear features that are associated with poor healing rates after rotator cuff repair. Some of these features have been incorporated in prediction models developed to accurately predict rotator cuff healing rates utilizing preoperative risk factors weighted by importance.SummaryRotator cuff tears may be considered functionally irreparable based on ...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - September 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Patch Augmentation in Rotator Cuff Repair
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewRotator cuff repair has excellent outcomes for many patients but continues to be suboptimal for large, retracted tears, and revision procedures. In these situations, patch augmentation may be considered in order to improve healing. The purpose of this article is to review the history, graft options, indications, surgical technique, outcomes, and complications associated with arthroscopic patch augmentation for rotator cuff repair.Recent FindingsPatch augmentation has been shown in several studies to improve healing rates. After multiple investigations into different materials available for patc...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - September 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Exercise-Associated Muscle Cramps in the Tennis Player
AbstractPurpose of ReviewBetter define the proposed etiologies, risk factors, and treatment plans for exercise-associated muscle cramps in the tennis player.Recent FindingsWhile no one theory has been able to fully explain the etiology behind exercise-associated muscle cramping, further classification of acute localized cramping and systemic or recurrent cramping may help guide future treatment and prevention strategies.SummaryNeuromuscular fatigue more than electrolyte deficit or dehydration is believed to play a large role in development of exercise-associated muscle cramps. Despite inconclusive evidence at this time, el...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - September 5, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Severe Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Considerations for Nerve Transfer Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common compressive neuropathy, next to only carpal tunnel syndrome in its incidence. Severe states of disease do not respond to nonoperative management. Likewise, functional outcomes of cubital tunnel surgery decline as the disease becomes more severe. The relatively long distance from site of nerve compression at the elbow to the hand intrinsic muscles distally makes it a race between reinnervation of the muscle and irreversible motor endplate degeneration with muscle atrophy. Loss of intrinsic function can lead to severe functional impairment with poor d...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - August 26, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Advances in FAI Imaging: a Focused Review
This article reviews the current state-of-the-art clinical routine of individuals with suspected FAI, limitations, and future directions that show promise in the field of musculoskeletal research and are likely to reshape hip imaging in the coming years.Recent FindingsThe largely unknown natural disease course, especially in hips with FAI syndrome and those with asymptomatic abnormal morphologies, continues to be a problem as far as diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are concerned. There has been a paradigm shift in recent years from bone and soft tissue morphological analysis towards the tentative development of quantita...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - August 25, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Pectoralis Major and Anterior Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for Subscapularis Tears
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIrreparable subscapularis tears represent a challenging entity, especially when they occur in younger patients with high functional demands. Tendon transfers are one of the options considered for surgical management for this pathology. The purpose of this article is to review the surgical technique and outcome of the two most common tendon transfers considered for irreparable subscapularis tears: pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi.Recent FindingsTransfer of the pectoralis major has been considered for decades the transfer of choice for irreparable subscapularis tears. Recently, a series with lon...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - August 23, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

What Is the Learning Curve for New Technologies in Total Joint Arthroplasty? A Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe adaptation of new technology in joint replacement surgery is often associated with a learning curve, as performance tends to improve with experience. The purpose of this review is to define the learning curve and its relevance to joint replacement surgery in the setting of new technological advances, and to draw analogies with the learning curve of basic surgical training.Recent FindingsAssessing a surgeon ’s learning curve for a new technology is complicated and difficult. With every learning curve, the first patients subjected to the novel technology may be at higher risk for adverse events...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - August 21, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Surgical Management of Massive Irreparable Cuff Tears: Superior Capsular Reconstruction
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSuperior capsular reconstruction (SCR) is a surgical procedure that has been developed to provide an alternative for joint preservation in patients with massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. The purpose of this review is to assess the improvements in biomechanical properties and functional outcomes of this novel procedure.Recent FindingsBiomechanically, SCR decreases superior translation and subacromial contact pressure. Glenoid fixation is maximized with three anchors, while margin convergence to any remaining rotator cuff improves stability, and findings vary based on graft type. Clinically, SC...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - August 21, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Periprosthetic Infection After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: a Review
We report current diagnostic and therapeutic options for periprosthetic infection after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Much of the current literature does not distinguish between anatomic and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Further high-level studies are warranted to refine these definitions and guide management. (Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine)
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - August 21, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research