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Patellofemoral Instability in the Pediatric Population
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review focuses on the etiology, diagnosis, and management of patellar instability in pediatric patients.Recent FindingsRadiological outcomes such as tibial-tubercle to trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance used in diagnosis are subject to factors of influence such as femoral anteversion and knee flexion angle, and new measure such as tibial-tubercle to posterior cruciate ligament distance as well as TT-TG/trochlear width (TT-TG/TW) are under investigation. To prevent recurrent instability, surgical intervention for acute patellar dislocations may be advantageous compared to conservative management...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - April 18, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Management of Shoulder Instability in Patients with Seizure Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPatients with seizure disorders commonly suffer shoulder dislocations and subsequent instability. Due to high rates of recurrence and bone loss, management of this instability and associated pathology has proven to be more complex than that of patients without seizure disorders. The ultimate goal of this review is to outline the various treatment modalities and their respective outcomes in this complex patient population.Recent FindingsOptimization of medical management of seizure disorders is imperative. However, despite these efforts, the incidence of post-operative seizure activity continues...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - April 17, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Pediatric and Adolescent Shoulder Instability
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTraumatic and atraumatic shoulder instability is common in pediatric and adolescent patients. It is well-established that young patients with anterior shoulder dislocation are at high risk of recurrent instability. This review assesses the current literature pertaining to management of both anterior instability and MDI in the pediatric and adolescent populations.Recent FindingsCurrent research suggests that pediatric and adolescent patients with shoulder instability have excellent outcomes following arthroscopic Bankart repair; however, higher rates of recurrent instability requiring revision surgi...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - April 17, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Epidemiology of Common Injuries in the Volleyball Athlete
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the recent literature regarding the epidemiology of injuries in the volleyball athlete across all levels of play and to discuss areas where further studies are needed.Recent FindingsInjury epidemiology for volleyball at the collegiate and high school level has been supported by a longitudinal injury surveillance program through the NCAA Injury Surveillance System (NCAA ISS) and High School Reporting Information Online (HS RIO) for the past 30  years. The creation of the FIVB Injury Surveillance System (FIVB ISS) in 2010 shows promise in advancing the literature on the injury at the profe...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Mental Health and Involuntary Retirement from Sports Post-Musculoskeletal Injury in Adult Athletes: a Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe psychological aspects of musculoskeletal injury are often overlooked in the rehabilitation process. This review examines the effects of musculoskeletal injury on mental health in adult athletes and identifies themes to guide further research.Recent FindingsAthletes are at risk for mental health struggles due to high athletic identity and identity foreclosure. Injured athletes have specifically been shown to have higher rates of anxiety and depression when compared to the general population. There is a lack of intervention-based research on the psychological well-being of athletes, and there are...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Meniscal Allograft Transplantation: Does Surgical Technique Influence Clinical Outcomes?
AbstractPurpose of reviewMeniscal allograft transplantation is intended to address painful knees with symptoms that can be attributed to meniscal deficiency through injury or meniscectomy. Initially viewed as an experimental procedure, refinements in patient selection and surgical technique have led to improved clinical outcomes with wider acceptance. Our intention with this paper is to provide a review of meniscal allograft transplantation, with the focus on the different surgical techniques employed and their influence on outcomes.Recent FindingsThe main debate regarding surgical technique is using bone or only soft tiss...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Ramp Lesions of the Medial Meniscus
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo provide an overview of the recent scientific literature about ramp lesions of the medial meniscus and to summarise the current evidence on their prevalence, classification, biomechanics, surgical techniques and clinical outcomes.Recent FindingsRamp lesions may be present in more than 1 patient undergoing ACL reconstruction out of 5 and almost half of the medial meniscal tears observed in this population. Due to the risk of persistent anterior and rotational laxity after ACL reconstruction, their repair has been advocated. There is no general agreement to date on whether and when ramp lesions sho...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Foot and Ankle Outcome Instruments: Missing the Target
In this study, very limited evidence was found to support the use of most of the commonly used PROMs in foot and ankle literature, and no evidence was found that supports the use of the most common tool, the AOFAS Clinical Rating System. The quality of the studies examining PROMs was also questioned. Prior to making a conclusive determination regarding each instrument, however, additional research on the evidence is necessary.SummaryIt is extremely challenging to perform systematic reviews comparing data across foot and ankle studies, and it is almost impossible to pool such data into high-quality meta-analyses. So, we nee...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - April 4, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Return-to-Play Outcomes of Athletes After Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewLumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common injury experienced by athletes and has important clinical considerations for athletes including the timing of return to sport. Lumbar disc herniation may result in loss of individual training and playing time for athletes. Current literature is inconclusive on whether surgical or conservative treatment of LDH is superior in athletes. Our aim was to review the literature to identify return-to-play (RTP) rates and performance outcomes following operative and nonoperative treatment of LDH in the athletic population.Recent FindingsAthletes have unique measuremen...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - March 31, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Stronger Athlete Identity Is a Risk Factor for More Severe Depressive Symptoms After Musculoskeletal Injury in Pediatric Athletes: a Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTreatment for musculoskeletal sports injuries often neglects the psychological components of health and recovery. Pediatric patients require particular consideration of their psychosocial and cognitive development. This systematic review investigates the effects of musculoskeletal injury on mental health in pediatric athletes.Recent FindingsAthlete identity may increase in adolescence and is associated with worse mental health post-injury. Psychological models suggest loss of identity, uncertainty, and fear mediate the association between injury and symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic s...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - March 30, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

The Role of Lateral Extra-articular Tenodesis in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Treatment of Rotatory Knee Instability: a Scoping Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe addition of lateral extra-articular tenodesis (LET) to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) has become increasingly popular to address residual rotatory knee instability. The purpose of this article is to review the anatomy and biomechanics of the anterolateral complex (ALC) of the knee, outline different LET techniques, and provide biomechanical and clinical evidence for its use as an augmentation procedure with ACLR.Recent FindingsRotatory knee instability has been identified as a common contributor to ACL rupture in both the primary and revision settings. Several biomechani...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - March 30, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Discoid Lateral Meniscus
This article presents a comprehensive review on current knowledge of DLM, focusing on pathology in parallel with surgical techniques and outcomes.Recent FindingsA paradigm shift in surgical management of DLM is taking place as knee surgeons are seeing more patients with long-term sequelae of partial lateral meniscectomy, the standard treatment for DLM for many years. Surgical treatment has evolved alongside the understanding of DLM pathology. A new classification system has been proposed and optimal surgical techniques described in recent years. This article highlights up-to-date evidence and techniques in management of bo...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - March 15, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Optimizing Outcomes After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: Rehabilitation, Expected Outcomes, and Maximizing Return to Activities
AbstractPurpose of ReviewGiven the touted clinical and patient-reported outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in improving pain and restoring function, shoulder surgeons are rapidly expanding the indications and utilization of RTSA. Despite its increasing use, the ideal post-operative management ensuring the best patient outcomes is still debated. This review synthesizes the current literature regarding the impact of post-operative immobilization and rehabilitation on clinical outcomes following RTSA including return to sport.Recent FindingsLiterature regarding the various facets of post-operative rehabilitation...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - March 3, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Management of Shoulder Instability in Patients with Underlying Hyperlaxity
This article provides a review of the current literature regarding optimal management of patients suffering from shoulder instability with concomitant hyperlaxity of the shoulder, from isolated shoulder joint hyperlaxity to congenital hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD).Recent FindingsCurrent research shows specialized physiotherapy protocols focused on strengthening of periscapular muscles and improvement of sensorimotor control are a promising non-surgical therapeutic avenue in certain patients, which can be augmented by device-based intervention in select cases. If surgical treatment is warranted, arthroscopic techni...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - February 23, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research

Proximal Hamstring Ruptures: Treatment, Rehabilitation, and Return to Play
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo assess the current literature surrounding the treatment and rehabilitation strategies surrounding proximal hamstring rupture injuries, along with comparative return to sport and patient-reported outcomes.Recent FindingsA high degree of variability exists in protective and rehabilitation strategies after both operative and non-operative proximal hamstring rupture management. Acceptable outcomes after both operative and non-operative management have been observed but may vary greatly with injury chronicity, severity, and surgical technique.SummaryThe high complication rates observed after surgical...
Source: Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine - February 9, 2023 Category: Orthopaedics Source Type: research