Antepartum Depression and Preterm Birth: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, and Disparities due to structural racism
AbstractPurpose of ReviewInformed by the evidence of links between physiology of stress and parturition, we review recent epidemiologic evidence (2015 –2020) of antenatal depression as a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB). We also explain racial/ethnic disparities in depression and preterm birth as a consequence of structural racism.Recent FindingsEpidemiologic evidence is consistent in linking antepartum depression with an elevated risk of PTB. Antidepressant usage has been linked with an elevated risk of PTB. However, recent evidence suggests that severity of depression is the underlying driver of the elevated risk at...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 25, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Neurodevelopmental Trajectories and Psychiatric Morbidity: Lessons Learned From the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes and is the strongest known single genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. Compared to other rare structural pathogenic genetic variants, 22q11DS is relatively common and one of the most extensively studied. This review provides a state-of-the-art overview of current insights regarding associated neurodevelopmental phenotypes and potential implications for 22q11DS and beyond.Recent FindingsWe will first discuss recent findings with respect to neurodevelopmental phenotypic expression associated...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 24, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Effects of Mass Shootings on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo examine mass shootings in youth including mass shooting trends, risk and protective factors for emotional sequelae, mental health, prevention of mass shootings, and the assessment and treatment of survivors.Recent FindingsMany youth are exposed to gun violence, with a smaller subset exposed to mass shootings. While youth have varying responses to mass shootings, possibly due to risk and protective factors as well as level of exposure, the mental health outcomes are significant and include posttraumatic stress, suicide, depression, substance abuse, and anxiety. Efforts at developing effective pre...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 11, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Mental Health Services Research Targeting the Clinical High-Risk State for Psychosis: Lessons, Future Directions and Integration with Patient Perspectives
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe summarize the history of the clinical high-risk stage of psychosis (CHR), current research on this stage and recent critiques of the field, and evaluate current CHR guidelines and frameworks.Recent FindingsFollowing its identification and characterization, CHR services have successfully been developed in North America, Europe, Australia and elsewhere. As reflected in guidelines, these services and their orientation largely emerged as an outgrowth of the framework pioneered by early intervention services for first-episode psychosis. We critically discuss what is known so far about the subjective ...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 3, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Marijuana and Bariatric Surgery
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMarijuana use presents a unique challenge to bariatric surgery programs. We review the recent evidence examining marijuana use on outcomes following bariatric surgery.Recent FindingsRecent studies have not demonstrated an increased risk of short-term surgical complications or differences in up to 2-year weight loss following surgery among marijuana users. However, studies have demonstrated increased risks in two areas: pain management and problematic eating behaviors. Additionally, preoperative marijuana use has been linked to increased postoperative marijuana use which may undermine weight loss an...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - January 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
