Acute Stress Reaction in Combat: Emerging Evidence and Peer-Based Interventions
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper highlights the topic of combat-related acute stress reactions (ASRs) in service members. Specifically, we contrast ASRs with related psychiatric conditions, report the estimated prevalence of ASRs for soldiers deployed to combat, and discuss how team members can effectively respond to these reactions.Recent FindingsAlthough not regarded as a clinical disorder, ASRs can have a significant impact on high-risk occupations like the military in which impaired functioning can imperil team members and others. Based on self-report, 17.2% of soldiers who have deployed to combat report having expe...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - March 30, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Management of Emotion Dysregulation and Outbursts in Children and Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEmotion dysregulation and outbursts are very common reasons for referral to child and adolescent mental health services and a frequent cause of admission to hospitals and residential programs. Symptoms of emotion dysregulation and outburst are transdiagnostic, associated with many disorders, have the potential to cause severe impairment and their management presents a major challenge in clinical practice.Recent FindingsThere are an increasing number of psychosocial interventions that demonstrate promise in improving emotion dysregulation and outbursts. Acute care systems to manage the most severely...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - March 22, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Trauma and US Minority Children and Youth
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper reviews the literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and effects of traumatic experiences on the mental health outcomes of minority youth in the USA.Recent FindingsThe USA has an increasing number of children and youth from minority backgrounds. Research reveals that traumatic experiences disproportionately affect minority youth. These experiences include historical/generational trauma, immigration and acculturation stressors, natural and manmade disasters, experiences of discrimination, family violence, and community violence. The COVID-19 pandemic has also disproportionately affecte...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - March 14, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Correction to: Implicit Cognition Tests for the Assessment of Suicide Risk: a Systematic Review
(Source: Current Psychiatry Reports)
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - March 5, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Anxiety and Trauma-Related Disorders in Children on the Autism Spectrum
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo summarize recent findings regarding anxiety and trauma-related disorders in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (autism), focusing on the distinct ways in which these conditions may be expressed, as well as advances in evidence-based assessment and treatment.Recent FindingsCurrent findings suggest both anxiety and trauma-related disorders may be more prevalent, yet more complicated to address in autistic relative to non-autistic children. Overlapping symptoms and distinct manifestations of these disorders pose challenges for the accurate identification, assessment, and treatment of ...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - March 4, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Models of Care of Schizophrenia in the Community —An International Perspective
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe reviewed the existing and recent community models of care in schizophrenia. We examine characteristics, recent updates, evidence, cost-effectiveness, and patients ’ acceptance for existing and new community-based care models in high-income (HI) and low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries.Recent FindingsAssertive Community Treatment (ACT), Intensive Case Management (ICM), and Crisis Intervention are cost-effective interventions for schizophrenia and time tested in the last few decades in HI countries. The growing evidence suggests that tailor-made ACTs and ICM can effectively reduce substance u...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - March 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Commercial Use of Emotion Artificial Intelligence (AI): Implications for Psychiatry
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEmotion artificial intelligence (AI) is technology for emotion detection and recognition. Emotion AI is expanding rapidly in commercial and government settings outside of medicine, and will increasingly become a routine part of daily life. The goal of this narrative review is to increase awareness both of the widespread use of emotion AI, and of the concerns with commercial use of emotion AI in relation to people with mental illness.Recent FindingsThis paper discusses emotion AI fundamentals, a general overview of commercial emotion AI outside of medicine, and examples of the use of emotion AI in e...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 25, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Inconclusive Findings in Studies of the Link Between Media Coverage of Mass Trauma and Depression in Children
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper reports a review of the empirical research examining the association between mass trauma media contact and depression in children, the factors that may influence the association, and the difficulties encountered in the study of media effects on depression.Recent FindingsAll of the included studies assessed general population samples. Pre-COVID-19 research focused primarily on television coverage alone or on multiple media forms including television, while COVID-19 media studies examined various media forms including social media. Most studies used cross-sectional design and non-probabili...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 24, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Current Status of Evidence-Based Practices to Enhance Employment Outcomes for Transition Age Youth and Adults on the Autism Spectrum
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review provides a highlight of existing evidence-based practices and community support systems that exist to enhance employment outcomes for autistic transition-age youth (TAY) and adults. An update is provided on the current status of these programs and the impact they are having on employment outcomes for this population.Recent FindingsMany programs exist that prove to be efficacious in improving employment outcomes. These programs can be categorized as vocational rehabilitation service system level interventions, provider and consumer level interventions targeting skills related to employme...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 22, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Neuromodulation and Eating Disorders
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe review recent evidence on the use of neuromodulation for treating eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. We evaluate studies on (a) modern non-invasive methods of brain stimulation, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), (b) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and (c) more invasive techniques, including deep brain stimulation (DBS).Recent FindingsMost reports on the clinical applications of neuromodulation in EDs are limited to case studies, case series and small clinical trials. The...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 18, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Course of Illness and Treatment Updates for Bipolar Disorder in the Perinatal Period
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe perinatal period is a time of increased vulnerability for people with bipolar disorder (BD). The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the literature from the last 3 years regarding course of illness and treatments for BD in the perinatal period to guide clinical care.Recent FindingsPostpartum manic and depressive episodes are emerging as having a unique presentation that may differentiate them from non-perinatal mood episodes. Many important updates regarding medication treatment in the perinatal period have been published recently that have considered the risks of untreated illn...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 15, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Implicit Cognition Tests for the Assessment of Suicide Risk: a Systematic Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSuicide risk assessment is a challenge in clinical practice. Implicit measures may present with advantages with respect to explicit methods, and therefore may be useful for the assessment of suicide risk. We conducted a systematic review of 2 databases (PubMed and EMBASE) about implicit tests that measure suicide risk to explore their validity and reliability.Recent FindingsInitial research revealed 321 articles. After the selection process, 31 articles were included in the review. The most death-related implicit cognition test used was the Death/Suicide Implicit association test (D/S IAT), followe...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 12, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Rethinking the Approach to Preclinical Models of Anorexia Nervosa
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to describe how emerging technological developments in pre-clinical animal research can be harnessed to accelerate research in anorexia nervosa (AN).Recent FindingsThe activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm, the best characterized animal model of AN, combines restricted feeding, excessive exercise, and weight loss. A growing body of evidence supports the idea that pathophysiological weight loss in this model is due to cognitive inflexibility, a clinical feature of AN. Targeted manipulations that recapitulate brain changes reported in AN — hyperdopaminergia or hyperactiv...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 11, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Winning The Game Against Depression: A Systematic Review of Video Games for the Treatment of Depressive Disorders
AbstractPurpose of reviewTo review the evidence about video game-based therapeutic intervention for people diagnosed with depressive disorders.Recent findingsPsychotherapy has been proved to reduce depressive symptoms and is a key element in the treatment of depressive disorders. However, geographical, economical and stigmatized concerns are barriers to access to psychotherapy. New technologies and videos games can overcome some of these barriers by providing teleconferencing evidence-based therapy as time as they may offer an interactive entertainment.SummaryOverall, video game-based interventions were useful and effectiv...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 3, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Emotional and Behavioral Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Adolescents
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review of the literature aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown on teenagers ’ mental health. We distinguish two groups: adolescents who had already been diagnosed with a mental disorder and the general population of adolescents.Recent FindingsAn increase in the number of mental health-related difficulties in adolescents has already been reported in previous health crises. Accordingly, the perceived well-being of teenagers declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adolescents with mental disorders were significantly more affected by the lockdown than those in the g...
Source: Current Psychiatry Reports - February 1, 2022 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
