Implementing Geospatial Science and Technology to Get to Zero New HIV Infections
Abstract Purpose of ReviewTremendous advancements have been made in HIV treatment and prevention during the last 40 years that zero new HIV cases has become an attainable goal declared by international agencies. However, new cases of HIV infection persist.Recent FindingsThe emerging field of geospatial science is positioned to play key role in the reduction of continued HIV incidence through technology-driven interventions and innovative research that gives insights into at-risk populations. As these methods become more utilized, findings consistently show the important role of location and environment plays in HIV...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - May 5, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The human microbiome and gut –liver axis in people living with HIV
AbstractPurpose of ReviewChronic liver disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality amongst people living with HIV (PLWH). Emerging data suggests that gut microbial translocation may play a role in driving and modulating liver disease, a bi-directional relationship termed the gut –liver axis. While it is recognized that PLWH have a high degree of dysbiosis and gut microbial translocation, little is known about the gut–liver axis in PLWH.Recent FindingsRecent studies have shown that microbial translocation can directly lead to hepatic inflammation, and have linked gut microbial signatures, dysbiosis, and transloc...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - May 2, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Reporting Individual-Level Research Results from Neurocognitive and Psychological Research in People Living with HIV: Lessons from Dementia Research
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThere are growing expectations for the return of individual-level research results (RoR), which promotes autonomy and potential clinical and personal benefits. There are ethical and practical challenges, however, that may be exacerbated in research that assesses neurocognitive and psychological outcomes, including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This paper reviews central concepts for RoR and recent empirical and conceptual articles from Alzheimer ’s disorder (AD) as a model for HIV.Recent FindingsData from AD studies indicate high participant interest and low risk of harm from RoR...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - April 19, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Ethical Perspectives in Using Technology-Enabled Research for Key HIV Populations in Rights-Constrained Settings
This study conducted a literature review on papers that evaluated a combination of the following three components: ethics, technology-based research, and populations who use drug substances and/or sex workers. We explored research on these ethical perspectives from both key populations and researchers.SummaryFindings revealed potential risks in data security and possible harmful implications of compromised data within these rights-constrained settings. Best practices were explored within the literature to identify potential methods for addressing these ethical concerns and improving HIV prevention and care. (Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports)
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - April 6, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Mapping Community-Engaged Implementation Strategies with Transgender Scientists, Stakeholders, and Trans-Led Community Organizations
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) represents one of the most effective methods of prevention for HIV, but remains inequitable, leaving many transgender and nonbinary (trans) individuals unable to benefit from this resource. Deploying community-engaged PrEP implementation strategies for trans populations will be crucial for ending the HIV epidemic.Recent FindingsWhile most PrEP studies have progressed in addressing pertinent research questions about gender-affirming care and PrEP at the biomedical and clinical levels, research on how to best implement gender-affirming PrEP systems at the social, commu...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - April 4, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Sustaining HIV Research in Resource-Limited Settings Using PLAN (People, Learning, Adapting, Nurturing): Evidence from the 4 Youth by Youth Project in Nigeria
We describe PLAN orwhy people learning,adapting,and nurturing the core values of an intervention can enhance its sustainability over time. PLAN is a dynamic framework that simplifies the process of planning for sustainability of evidence-based interventions throughout the lifecyle of an intervention, taking into consideration the people that matter as well as the learning, adaptation, and nurturing involved with understanding and studying the interactions between interventions/innovations, practice settings, intervention fit, and the broader ecological contexts in which implementation occurs. We use case-study data from ou...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - April 1, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
HIV Reservoir: How to Measure It?
AbstractPurposeof ReviewIn the current quest for a complete cure for HIV/AIDS, the persistence of a long-lived reservoir of cells carrying replication-competent proviruses is the major challenge. Here, we describe the main elements and characteristics of several widely used assays of HIV latent reservoir detection.Recent FindingsTo date, researchers have developed several different HIV latent reservoir detection assays. Among them, the in vitro quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) has been the gold standard for assessing latent HIV-1 viral load. The intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) based on PCR also demonstrated the p...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - April 1, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Sustaining HIV Research in Resource-Limited Settings Using PLAN (People, Learning, Adapting, Nurturing): Evidence from the 4 Youth by Youth Project in Nigeria
We describe PLAN orwhy people learning,adapting,and nurturing the core values of an intervention can enhance its sustainability over time. PLAN is a dynamic framework that simplifies the process of planning for sustainability of evidence-based interventions throughout the lifecyle of an intervention, taking into consideration the people that matter as well as the learning, adaptation, and nurturing involved with understanding and studying the interactions between interventions/innovations, practice settings, intervention fit, and the broader ecological contexts in which implementation occurs. We use case-study data from ou...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - March 29, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The End Is in Sight: Current Strategies for the Elimination of HIV Vertical Transmission
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this review is to highlight and interpret recent trends and developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of HIV vertical transmission from a clinical perspective.Recent FindingsUniversal third-trimester retesting and partner testing may better identify incident HIV among pregnant patients and result in early initiation of antiretroviral therapy to prevent vertical transmission. The proven safety and efficacy of integrase inhibitors such as dolutegravir may be particularly useful in suppressing viremia in pregnant persons who present late for ART treatment. Pre-exposure proph...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - March 27, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
