Does Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Reduce HIV Risk in Men Who Have Sex with Men?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the evidence on the effect of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) on reducing HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) and assess the limitations of available evidence.Recent FindingsIndividual studies have shown conflicting results, but recent meta-analyses have consistently suggested that VMMC was associated with 7 to 23% reductions in HIV prevalence or incidence in MSM, particularly among a subgroup of men who predominantly practice insertive role in anal sex. Mathematical models have also suggested a moderate population-level impact of VMMC intervention. All original stud...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - December 15, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision to Reduce HIV Acquisition and Transmission
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis commentary introduces the special Global Health Section on the state of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programs and current knowledge as to role of VMMC prevention of HIV infection acquisition in men and, indirectly, women.Recent FindingsSince the first clinical trial of VMMC in Africa was published in 2005, implementation of programs has depended on illuminating best practices and key obstacles in the effort to expand VMMC in areas of high HIV prevalence to reduce HIV acquisition among men, with consequent benefits that uninfected men will not infect others. Global efforts are foc...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - December 7, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Understanding the Evolving Role of Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision as a Public Health Strategy in Eastern and Southern Africa: Opportunities and Challenges
AbstractPurpose of ReviewVoluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC) has been a cornerstone of HIV prevention in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) and is credited in part for declines in HIV incidence seen in recent years. However, these HIV incidence declines change VMMC cost-effectiveness and how it varies across populations.Recent FindingsMathematical models project continued cost-effectiveness of VMMC in much of ESA despite HIV incidence declines. A key data gap is how demand generation cost differs across age groups and over time as VMMC coverage increases. Additionally, VMMC models usually neglect non-HIV effects of V...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - December 2, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Does Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Reduce HIV Risk in Men Who Have Sex with Men?
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo review the evidence on the effect of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) on reducing HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) and assess the limitations of available evidence.Recent FindingsIndividual studies have shown conflicting results, but recent meta-analyses have consistently suggested that VMMC was associated with 7 to 23% reductions in HIV prevalence or incidence in MSM, particularly among a subgroup of men who predominantly practice insertive role in anal sex. Mathematical models have also suggested a moderate population-level impact of VMMC intervention. All original stud...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - December 1, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
VMMC Programmatic Successes and Challenges: Western Kenya Case Study
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe Nyanza region of western Kenya is lauded for impressive coverage of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) and remains the bedrock of the VMMC program in Kenya. We conducted literature review on programmatic successes and challenges of implementing VMMC program in the region.Recent FindingsResponsive stakeholders ’ engagement, robust policy environment, effective technical working groups, prompt capacity building of health facilities, government support, flexible implementation strategies, and sustained donor funding contributed to the successes of the program that saw circumcision preval...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - November 29, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Diabetes in HIV: the Link to Weight Gain
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe burden of metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is rising among persons with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This increase coincides with an aging population and a greater proportion who are overweight/obese. This review summarizes the changing epidemic of T2DM on contemporary ART, the role of weight gain, and therapeutic options.Recent FindingsRecent studies confirm that PWH face an epidemic of obesity and T2DM, similar to the general population. Contemporary ART is associated with greater weight gain and may contribute to the risk of T2DM. Recent advances i...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - November 23, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Defining the Global Research and Programmatic Agenda and Priority Actions for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention
This report ’s findings may help establish a global VMMC research and programmatic agenda to inform policy, research, and capacity-building activities at the national and global levels. (Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports)
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - November 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The Effects of Medical Male Circumcision on Female Partners ’ Sexual and Reproductive Health
Abstract Purpose of ReviewVoluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of HIV acquisition by 60% among heterosexual men, provides protection against certain sexually transmitted infections (STI), and leads to penile microbiome composition changes associated with reduced risk of HIV infection. Intuitively, the benefits of VMMC for female sex partners in relation to STI are likely and have been evaluated. The purpose of this review is to examine emerging findings of broader sexual and reproductive health (SRH) benefits of VMMC for female sex partners.Recent FindingsSystematic reviews find strong evidence for...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - November 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Defining the Global Research and Programmatic Agenda and Priority Actions for Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention
This report ’s findings may help establish a global VMMC research and programmatic agenda to inform policy, research, and capacity-building activities at the national and global levels. (Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports)
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - November 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
The Effects of Medical Male Circumcision on Female Partners ’ Sexual and Reproductive Health
Abstract Purpose of ReviewVoluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) reduces the risk of HIV acquisition by 60% among heterosexual men, provides protection against certain sexually transmitted infections (STI), and leads to penile microbiome composition changes associated with reduced risk of HIV infection. Intuitively, the benefits of VMMC for female sex partners in relation to STI are likely and have been evaluated. The purpose of this review is to examine emerging findings of broader sexual and reproductive health (SRH) benefits of VMMC for female sex partners.Recent FindingsSystematic reviews find strong evidence for...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - November 11, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
Risk Compensation in Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Programs
AbstractPurpose of ReviewEvidence from clinical trials identified the effectiveness of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an additional strategy to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from women to men. However, concerns about post-circumcision sexual risk compensation may hinder the scale-up of VMMC programs. We reviewed the evidence of changes in risky sexual behaviors after circumcision, including condomless sex, multiple sex partners, and early resumption of sex after surgery.Recent FindingsMost clinical trial data indicate that condomless sex and multiple partners did not increase for men after circumcision...
Source: Current HIV/AIDS Reports - November 9, 2022 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research
