Review: Precision Medicine Approaches for Genetic Cardiomyopathy: Targeting Phospholamban R14del
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHeart failure is a syndrome with poor prognosis and no curative options for the majority of patients. The standard one-size-fits-all-treatment approach, targeting neurohormonal dysregulations, helps to modulate symptoms of heart failure, but fails to address the cause of the problem. Precision medicine aims to go beyond symptom modulation and targets pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie disease. In this review, an overview of how precision medicine can be approached as a treatment strategy for genetic heart disease will be discussed. PLN R14del, a genetic mutation known to cause cardiomyopat...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
The Role of Cardiac Computed Tomography in Heart Failure
AbstractPurpose of ReviewCardiac computed tomography (CT) is becoming a more widely applied tool in the diagnosis and management of a variety of cardiovascular conditions, including heart failure. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the role of cardiac CT in patients with heart failure.Recent FindingsCoronary computed tomographic angiography has robust diagnostic accuracy for ruling out coronary artery disease. These data are reflected in updated guidelines from major cardiology organizations. New roles for cardiac CT in myocardial imaging, perfusion scanning, and periprocedural planning, execution, and monitori...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Harnessing NAD+ Metabolism as Therapy for Cardiometabolic Diseases
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThis review summarizes current understanding on the roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism in the pathogeneses and treatment development of metabolic and cardiac diseases.Recent FindingsNAD+ was identified as a redox cofactor in metabolism and a co-substrate for a wide range of NAD+-dependent enzymes. NAD+ redox imbalance and depletion are associated with many pathologies where metabolism plays a key role, for example cardiometabolic diseases. This review is to delineate the current knowledge about harnessing NAD+ metabolism as potential therapy for cardiometabolic disease...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Biomarkers for Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMyocarditis is a disease caused by inflammation of the heart that can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and eventually death in many patients. Several etiologies are implicated in the development of myocarditis including autoimmune, drug-induced, infectious, and others. All causes lead to inflammation which causes damage to the myocardium followed by remodeling and fibrosis. This review aims to summarize recent findings in biomarkers for myocarditis and highlight the most promising candidates.Recent FindingsCurrent methods of diagnosing myocarditis, including imaging and endomyocar...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Evaluation of the Interaction of Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Health
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSex hormones drive development and function of reproductive organs or the development of secondary sex characteristics but their effects on the cardiovascular system are poorly understood. In this review, we identify the gaps in our understanding of the interaction between sex hormones and the cardiovascular system.Recent FindingsStudies are progressively elucidating molecular functions of sex hormones in specific cell types in parallel with the initiation of crucial large randomized controlled trials aimed at improving therapies for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) associated with aberrant levels of...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Novel Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Advanced Heart Failure: Beyond GFR and Proteinuria
AbstractPurposeKidney disease is a common finding in patients with heart failure and can significantly impact treatment decisions and outcomes. Abnormal kidney function is currently determined in clinical practice using filtration markers in the blood to estimate glomerular filtration rate, but the manifestations of kidney disease in the setting of heart failure are much more complex than this. In this manuscript, we review novel biomarkers that may provide a more well-rounded assessment of kidney disease in patients with heart failure.Recent FindingsGalectin-3, ST2, FGF-23, suPAR, miRNA, GDF-15, and NAG may be prognostic ...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Hyperkalaemia in Heart Failure: Consequences for Outcome and Sequencing of Therapy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHeart failure (HF), in conjunction with common comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes and medical therapies such as RAASi, predisposes to hyperkalaemia which may lead to hospitalisation and death. This paper aims to review the most current evidence surrounding the risks and management of hyperkalaemia in HF, with particular focus on recent research into RAASi including novel selective mineralocorticoid receptor blockers and novel potassium binders.Recent FindingsThe most recent evidence shows that even moderate hyperkalaemia may predispose to adverse outcomes such as hospitalisat...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Biomarkers for Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewMyocarditis is a disease caused by inflammation of the heart that can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and eventually death in many patients. Several etiologies are implicated in the development of myocarditis including autoimmune, drug-induced, infectious, and others. All causes lead to inflammation which causes damage to the myocardium followed by remodeling and fibrosis. This review aims to summarize recent findings in biomarkers for myocarditis and highlight the most promising candidates.Recent FindingsCurrent methods of diagnosing myocarditis, including imaging and endomyocar...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - August 1, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Change of Heart: the Epitranscriptome of Small Non-coding RNAs in Heart Failure
AbstractPurpose of ReviewSmall non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression and are highly implicated in heart failure. Recently, an additional level of post-transcriptional regulation has been identified, referred to as the epitranscriptome, which encompasses the body of post-transcriptional modifications that are placed on RNA molecules. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the small non-coding RNA epitranscriptome in heart failure.Recent FindingsWith the rise of new methods to study RNA modifications, epitranscriptome research has begun to take flight. Over the past 3 years, the number of publications on ...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - July 25, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Heart Failure in Chronic Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions: Mechanistic Insights from Clinical Heterogeneity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe balance between inflammation and its resolution plays an important and increasingly appreciated role in heart failure (HF) pathogenesis. In humans, different chronic inflammatory conditions and immune-inflammatory responses to infection can lead to diverse HF manifestations. Reviewing the phenotypic and mechanistic diversity of these HF presentations offers useful clinical and scientific insights.Recent FindingsHF risk is increased in patients with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and relates to disease severity. Inflammatory condition –specific HF manifestations exist and underl...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - July 15, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Polypharmacy in Older Heart Failure Patients: a Multidisciplinary Approach
AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe provide a review of considerations when applying principles of optimal pharmacotherapy to older adults with heart failure (HF), an analysis on the pivotal clinical trials focusing on applicability to older adults, and multi-disciplinary strategies to optimize the health of HF patients with polypharmacy.Recent FindingsPolypharmacy is very common among patients with HF, due to medications for both HF and non-HF comorbidities. Definitions of polypharmacy were not developed specifically for older adults with HF and may need to be modified in order to meaningfully describe medication burden and promo...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - June 20, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
Hyperkalaemia in Heart Failure: Consequences for Outcome and Sequencing of Therapy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewHeart failure (HF), in conjunction with common comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes and medical therapies such as RAASi, predisposes to hyperkalaemia which may lead to hospitalisation and death. This paper aims to review the most current evidence surrounding the risks and management of hyperkalaemia in HF, with particular focus on recent research into RAASi including novel selective mineralocorticoid receptor blockers and novel potassium binders.Recent FindingsThe most recent evidence shows that even moderate hyperkalaemia may predispose to adverse outcomes such as hospitalisat...
Source: Current Heart Failure Reports - June 15, 2022 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research
