Threat, emboldenment, or both? The effects of political power on violent hate crimes*
AbstractHow do expressions of support or opposition by the U.S. federal government, influence violent hate crimes against specific racial and ethnic minorities? In this article, we test two hypotheses derived from Blalock's (1967) conceptualization of intergroup power contests. The political threat hypothesis predicts that positive government attention toward specific groups would lead to more hateful violence directed against them. The emboldenment hypothesis predicts that negative government attention toward specific groups would also lead to more hateful violence directed against them. Using combined data on U.S. govern...
Source: Criminology - November 4, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Laura Dugan,
Erica Chenoweth Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Institutionalizing inequality in the courts: Decomposing racial and ethnic disparities in detention, conviction, and sentencing*
AbstractA significant body of literature has examined racial and ethnic inequalities in sentencing, focusing on how individual court actors make decisions, but fewer scholars have examined whether disparities are institutionalized through legal case factors. After finding racial and ethnic inequalities in pretrial detention, conviction, and incarceration based on 4 years of felony court data (N = 83,924) from Miami‐Dade County, we estimate nonlinear decomposition models to examine how much of the inequalities are explained by differences in criminal history, charging, and for conviction and incarceration, pretrial dete...
Source: Criminology - November 4, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Marisa Omori,
Nick Petersen Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
The organizational justice effect among criminal justice employees: A meta ‐analysis*
In this study, we take stock of the organizational justice effect on criminal justice employees’ work outcomes by subjecting the literature to a meta‐analysis. Multilevel modeling based on 1,924 effect size estimates drawn from 143 studie s (95 independent data sets) was used to establish the empirical status of the organizational justice effect. The results indicate a sizeable relationship between organizational justice and justice system employee work outcomes (Mz = .256, CI = [.230, .283]). The findings also demonstrate that t he organizational justice effect size varies slightly across several methodological va...
Source: Criminology - November 4, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Scott E. Wolfe,
Spencer G. Lawson Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Redemption and reproach: Religion and carceral control in action among women in prison
AbstractCriminologists are increasingly interested in how a variety of justice ‐adjacent institutions scaffold surveillance and punishment in the U.S. criminal justice system. A relevant but understudied institution within the carceral state is that of religion. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork inside a U.S. state women's prison, I interrogate how religion—pr edominately conservative and evangelical Protestantism—served dual purposes in light of carceral control. Religion offered redemptive narratives to counter punitive carceral narratives promulgated by the state. At the same time, this narrative shif...
Source: Criminology - November 4, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Rachel Ellis Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Locking up my generation: Cohort differences in prison spells over the life course
AbstractCrime rates have dropped substantially in the United States, but incarceration rates have remained high. The standard explanation for the lasting trend in incarceration is that the policy choices from the 1980s and 1990s were part of a secular increase in punitiveness that has kept rates of incarceration high. Our study highlights a heretofore overlooked perspective: that the crime –punishment wave in the 1980s and 1990s created cohort differences in incarceration over the life course that changed the level of incarceration even decades after the wave. With individual‐level longitudinal sentencing data from 197...
Source: Criminology - November 4, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Yinzhi Shen,
Shawn D. Bushway,
Lucy C. Sorensen,
Herbert L. Smith Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Fearful futures and haunting histories in women's desistance from crime: A longitudinal study of desistance as an uncanny process*
AbstractAlthough desistance is increasingly recognized as a series of complex processes by which individuals transform from offenders into nonoffenders, few desistance scholars have studied this process in depth. In recent years, however, some have begun to explore how desistance is a process rife with setbacks and struggles. Through an analysis of repeated in ‐depth interviews with ten desisting women, in this study, we have found such struggles to be unsettling and outright frightening. Examples of this were prevalent throughout the women's narratives. The results of our analysis show how frightening aspects of desista...
Source: Criminology - November 4, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Tea Fredriksson,
Robin G ålnander Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
Criminology, Volume 58, Issue 4, Page 595-598, November 2020. (Source: Criminology)
Source: Criminology - November 4, 2020 Category: Criminology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
In the eye of the beholder: Meaning and structure of informal status in women's and men's prisons*
AbstractApplying an abductive mixed ‐methods approach, we investigate the informal status systems in three women's prison units (across two prisons) and one men's prison unit. Qualitative analyses suggest “old head” narratives—where age, time in prison, sociability, and prison wisdom confer unit status—are prevalent across a ll four contexts. Perceptions of maternal “caregivers” and manipulative “bullies,” however, are found only in the three women's units. The qualitative findings inform formal network analyses by differentiating “positive,” “neutral,” and “negative” status nominations, with ...
Source: Criminology - October 11, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Derek A. Kreager,
Jacob T.N. Young,
Dana L. Haynie,
David R. Schaefer,
Martin Bouchard,
Kimberly M. Davidson Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Race, ethnicity, and social change: The democratization of middle ‐class crime*
AbstractSince the mid ‐1970s, the percentage of non‐White people convicted of white‐collar type crimes in the federal judicial system has been growing steadily. In 2015, non‐Whites accounted for more than half of all convictions for certain white‐collar type crimes, but the increase in non‐White participation has not occurred evenly across all race and ethnic groups. Asians and Latinos have increased their participation in white‐collar crime more so than Blacks. Using data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and the U.S. Census, we investigate whether the differen...
Source: Criminology - October 8, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Michael L. Benson,
Ben Feldmeyer,
Shaun L. Gabbidon,
Hei Lam Chio Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Threat, emboldenment, or both? The effects of political power on violent hate crimes*
AbstractHow do expressions of support or opposition by the U.S. federal government, influence violent hate crimes against specific racial and ethnic minorities? In this article, we test two hypotheses derived from Blalock's (1967) conceptualization of intergroup power contests. The political threat hypothesis predicts that positive government attention toward specific groups would lead to more hateful violence directed against them. The emboldenment hypothesis predicts that negative government attention toward specific groups would also lead to more hateful violence directed against them. Using combined data on U.S. govern...
Source: Criminology - September 28, 2020 Category: Criminology Authors: Laura Dugan,
Erica Chenoweth Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
