The ties that bribe: Corruption's embeddedness in Chicago organized crime*
AbstractThe crime of corruption ranges from politicians involved in high-profile scandals to low-level bureaucrats granting contracts and police officers demanding bribes. Corruption occurs when state actors criminally leverage their positions of power for financial gain. Our study examines how corruption varies by political power position and within criminal contexts by measuring the embeddedness of corruption within Chicago historical organized crime. We analyze Chicago's organized crime network before and during Prohibition (1900 –1919 and 1920–1933) to compare differences across embedded network positions between p...
Source: Criminology - August 13, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Jared Joseph,
Chris M. Smith Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Can the group disincentivize offending? Considering opt ‐out thresholds and decision reversals*
In this study, we investigate whether group settings can also disincentivize deviant action via reverse bandwagon effects, where individuals reverse their offending decision and express an intention to opt out of the criminal act. Based on survey data from three universities using hypothetical scenarios about theft and fighting, we find evidence of opt-out thresholds. Our findings indicate that deviant groups can serve as both an incentive and a disincentive, and that the relationship between group size and the perceived utility of crime is more complicated than prior work has suggested. Moreover, we find that these self-r...
Source: Criminology - August 4, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Jean Marie McGloin,
Kyle J. Thomas,
Zachary R. Rowan,
Jessica R. Deitzer Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Asymmetry in process ‐based model relationships: A longitudinal study of adjudicated adolescents*
AbstractThe asymmetry hypothesis predicts that negative police encounters matter more than positive ones for legitimacy, suggesting that officers may get little credit for using procedural justice. We tested the asymmetry hypothesis and extended it to other process-based model relationships by estimating asymmetric fixed effects models with longitudinal data from adjudicated adolescents. By utilizing within-individual variability and decomposing accumulated positive and negative changes in the predictors, these models pushed beyond the limits of existing research. Prior studies of asymmetric effects in policing either focu...
Source: Criminology - August 4, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Andrew J. Thompson,
Justin T. Pickett Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
“God is real”: Narratives of religiously motivated desistance*
This study examines the role of Islam in shaping processes of criminal desistance among four men, each with extensive histories of crime and violence. The men's life histories are unique, first, in that they came of age in contexts of extreme violence and religious persecution —all men are Muslim and were children during the ethnic cleansing campaigns in Bosnia in the early 1990s—and second, in that they all identify their newfound or newly cemented dedication to Islam as the primary catalyst for their desistance. Thematic analyses rooted in the principles of grounded theory reveal some consistencies with extant resear...
Source: Criminology - July 30, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Stephanie M. DiPietro,
Timothy Dickinson Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Immigrant status, citizenship, and victimization risk in the United States: New findings from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)*
AbstractUntil recently, national-level data on criminal victimization in the United States did not include information on immigrant or citizenship status of respondents. This data-infrastructure limitation has hindered scientific understanding of whether immigrants are more or less likely than native-born Americans to be criminally victimized and how victimization may vary among immigrants of different statuses. We address these issues in the present study by using new data from the 2017 –2018 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to explore the association between citizenship status and victimization risk in a nati...
Source: Criminology - July 29, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Min Xie,
Eric P. Baumer Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Prosecutors, court communities, and policy change: The impact of internal DOJ reforms on federal prosecutorial practices*
AbstractThe current study examines how key internal U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) policy changes have been translated into front-line prosecutorial practices. Extending courts-as-communities scholarship and research on policy implementation practices, we use U.S. Sentencing Commission data from 2004 to 2019 to model outcomes for several measures of prosecutorial discretion in federal drug trafficking cases, including the use of mandatory minimum charges and prosecutor-endorsed departures, to test the impact of the policy changes on case processing outcomes. We contrast prosecutorial measures with measures that are more ...
Source: Criminology - July 6, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Mona Lynch,
Matt Barno,
Marisa Omori Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: Criminology)
Source: Criminology - June 30, 2021 Category: Criminology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
The long arm of parenting: How parenting styles influence crime and the pathways that explain this effect*
AbstractAlthough several criminological theories suggest that variations in parenting increase the probability of adult crime, most studies limit focus to the association between parenting and adolescent delinquency. Thus, research exploring the association between parenting and adult crime is rare. The present study used path analyses and prospective, longitudinal data from a sample of 318 African American men to examine the effects of eight parenting styles on adult crime. Furthermore, we investigated the extent to which significant parenting effects are mediated by criminogenic schemas, negative emotions, peer affiliati...
Source: Criminology - June 26, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Leslie Gordon Simons,
Tara E. Sutton Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Changing routine activities and the decline of youth crime: A repeated cross ‐sectional analysis of self‐reported delinquency in Sweden, 1999–2017*
This study examines the declining crime trend among Swedish adolescents between 1999 and 2017 using data from eight repeated cross-sectional waves of a nationally representative school survey (N = ca. 49,000). We examined to what extent changes in parental monitoring, school bonds, attitudes toward crime, routine activities, and binge drinking were related to the noticeable decline in youth crime. Multilevel modeling was employed for the analysis of temporal trends. We found strong empir ical support for our hypotheses, that is, that changes in social bonds, attitudes toward crime, and routine activities were all associa...
Source: Criminology - June 1, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Robert Svensson,
Dietrich Oberwittler Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Reconsidering the “gang effect” in the face of intermittency: Do first‐ and second‐time gang membership both matter?*
AbstractResearch demonstrates that joining a gang is associated with amplified criminal behavior. Given that gang membership can be a transient and intermittent status, we question whether it has a consistent effect on offending regardless of whether an individual joins a gang for the first time or rejoins (for the second time). Using panel data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (N = 1,217 person-periods nested within 177 individuals), we employ a within-persons analysis via multilevel structural equation models with fixed slopes. First-time membership is associated with increases over pregang periods in general...
Source: Criminology - May 29, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Megan Bears Augustyn,
Jean Marie McGloin Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Authoritarian exclusion and laissez ‐faire inclusion: Comparing the punishment of men convicted of sex offenses in England & Wales and Norway*
This article, which is based on more than 129 interviews with men convicted of sex offenses in England& Wales and Norway, uses Cohen's work on inclusion and McNeill's typology of rehabilitative forms to complicate this simplistic binary. It argues that the punishment of men convicted of sex offenses in England& Wales was demanding but exclusionary; it imposed strict legal restrictions on these men during and after their imprisonment, blocking them from engaging in social and moral rehabilitation and providing a limited and treacherous route to change. In Norway, punishment operated in a way that was formally inclusionary b...
Source: Criminology - May 28, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Alice Ievins,
Kristian Mj åland Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Examining the county ‐level political considerations associated with declining reliance on the death penalty from 1990 to 2010*
AbstractTheorists have placed considerable emphasis on the role that political factors play in shaping jurisdictional use of the death penalty. However, scholars have yet to empirically examine whether these political explanations account for reliance on this punishment across counties in the United States. Furthermore, empirical research that has examined the political factors associated with the dramatic decline in the use of the death penalty in the late 20th and early 21st centuries has been limited. In order to address these gaps in the literature, this study examines whether the variables derived from three political...
Source: Criminology - May 3, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Ethan Amidon,
John M. Eassey Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
“I don't have time for drama”: Managing risk and uncertainty through network avoidance*
This study employs in ‐depth interviews (n = 45) with men 25–34 years in age who live in a Philadelphia neighborhood heavily impacted by mass incarceration. It asks the following: 1) How do they perceive risk? 2) How do they organize their daily routines in response to it? 3) Are there racial differences in perceptions and adaptations t o risk? Nearly all of the men of color in the study reported staying in their houses and avoiding public spaces, viewing them as unpredictable and posing an unacceptable level of risk. They worried about “drama” or the potential for interactions with others to lead to attention by...
Source: Criminology - March 15, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Jamie J. Fader Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Picking battles: Correctional officers, rules, and discretion in prison
AbstractTo outsiders, prisons vacillate between visions of regimented order and anarchic disorder. The place of rules in prison sits at the fulcrum between these two visions of regulation. Based on 131 qualitative interviews with correctional officers across four different prisons in western Canada, we examine how correctional officers understand and exercise discretion in prison. Our findings highlight how an officer's habitus shapes individual instances of discretionary decision‐making. We show how officers modify how they exercise discretion in light of their views on how incarcerated people, fello w officers, and s...
Source: Criminology - March 8, 2021 Category: Criminology Authors: Kevin D. Haggerty,
Sandra M. Bucerius Tags: ARTICLE Source Type: research
Issue Information
(Source: Criminology)
Source: Criminology - February 17, 2021 Category: Criminology Tags: ISSUE INFORMATION Source Type: research
