Within-Host Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens in Acute and Chronic Infection
Annu Rev Pathol. 2023 Oct 13. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-111408. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTBacterial pathogens undergo remarkable adaptive change in response to the selective forces they encounter during host colonization and infection. Studies performed over the past few decades have demonstrated that many general evolutionary processes can be discerned during the course of host adaptation, including genetic diversification of lineages, clonal succession events, convergent evolution, and balanced fitness trade-offs. In some cases, elevated mutation rates resulting from mismatch repair or proofreading defi...
Source: Annual Review of Pathology - October 13, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: John P Dekker Source Type: research
Neurodegenerative Disease Tauopathies
Annu Rev Pathol. 2023 Oct 13. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-120750. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTTauopathies are a diverse group of progressive and fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterized by aberrant tau inclusions in the central nervous system. Tau protein forms pathologic fibrillar aggregates that are typically closely associated with neuronal cell death, leading to varied clinical phenotypes including dementia, movement disorders, and motor neuron disease. In this review, we describe the clinicopathologic features of tauopathies and highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that lead to...
Source: Annual Review of Pathology - October 13, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: Benjamin C Creekmore Ryohei Watanabe Edward B Lee Source Type: research
Epigenomic Characterization of Lymphoid Neoplasms
Annu Rev Pathol. 2023 Oct 13. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-100856. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTLymphoid neoplasms represent a heterogenous group of disease entities and subtypes with markedly different molecular and clinical features. Beyond genetic alterations, lymphoid tumors also show widespread epigenomic changes. These severely affect the levels and distribution of DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility, and three-dimensional genome interactions. DNA methylation stands out as tracer of cell identity and memory, as B cell neoplasms show epigenetic imprints of their cellular origin ...
Source: Annual Review of Pathology - October 13, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: Mart í Duran-Ferrer Jos é Ignacio Martín-Subero Source Type: research
Hypoxia-Induced Signaling in Gut and Liver Pathobiology
Annu Rev Pathol. 2023 Oct 13. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-094743. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTOxygen (O2) is essential for cellular metabolism and biochemical reactions. When the demand for O2 exceeds the supply, hypoxia occurs. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are essential to activate adaptive and survival responses following hypoxic stress. In the gut (intestines) and liver, oxygen gradients or physiologic hypoxia are necessary to maintain normal homeostasis. While physiologic hypoxia is beneficial and aids in normal functions, pathological hypoxia is harmful as it exacerbates inflammatory responses and ti...
Source: Annual Review of Pathology - October 13, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: Sumeet Solanki Yatrik M Shah Source Type: research
Role of the Microenvironment in Glioma Pathogenesis
Annu Rev Pathol. 2023 Oct 13. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051122-110348. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTGliomas are a diverse group of primary central nervous system tumors that affect both children and adults. Recent studies have revealed a dynamic cross talk that occurs between glioma cells and components of their microenvironment, including neurons, astrocytes, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix. This cross talk regulates fundamental aspects of glioma development and growth. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries about the impact of these interactions on gliomas and highlight how tumor cells actively ...
Source: Annual Review of Pathology - October 13, 2023 Category: Pathology Authors: Maya Anjali Jayaram Joanna J Phillips Source Type: research
